2008年8月22日星期五
2008年8月20日星期三
88天800分
88天800分，我不迷信，只是数字的巧合有些造化弄人的意思。1月29号北京新东方开课了，和读GRE的表哥一起在北京邮电大学沉默的校园里度过了一生中最寂寥的春节。接着2月28号开始了88天的复习。每天8小时以上的复习，翘了几乎所有的课，终于，我来到了5月26号，最后的复习。当我昨晚最后一套PP3的模考练习后，泪水不自觉地流了下来。这88天里，我没有因为不能承受流过一滴泪。因为我知道，走完这段旅程，我就是个男人了，我就已经获得了我要的成熟与坚韧，我就胜利了。今早起床时我对自己说：“我不在乎今天我能得多少分，我只知道走完了这段伟大的航路。”现在回首，昨日放弃与留恋的种种美好都已不在醒目。因为在我看来，一个人的一生可以有无数的梦想，但能坚持到底又有几个？为了一个自己愿意至死不渝的理想，并且坚强的执著着，那为之付出的一切，又是多么的渺小……
关于复习准备，浅谈一下。我是工科院校大三学生。参加过CET4,6,和托福考试，成绩均看得过去。我的复习分三个阶段.2月28-3月13，og的sc一天20到，强调解释，我认为最有价值的部分就是og的解释。我看了六遍，给二至三个关键字即可反映出题目及考点。看到这种程度很必要，今天考试的时候我的SC就是以看待og的方式看待的。我问自己：“这道题有什么和那本七孔砖（我对og的昵称）类似的考点？”然后排出明显错误，再根据逻辑意思分析剩下的选项。然后‘黄金规则’和新东方的语法笔记也很有帮助。要注意自己补充。（我自己总结的黄金规则是上课资料的3倍）（在这里感谢朱江老师的大力帮助）CR部分第一阶段主要反复研读新东方ff的笔记（感谢费允杰老师的授课），以及og的CR部分每天20道题。不要看解释，上CD看讨论，og解释也许是因为我的功底不够而看不懂。然后是argument模版的准备，七宗罪要总结完，看前人的模版然后根据平时的阅读积累不断润色。我的模版1400字，35分钟可以打完（打字速度很重要）。准备了前三宗就可以开始写了。（因为所有的罪都可以用充分必要性分析，第二宗罪刚好是这个）。
第二阶段，3月14-26日，每天2个新东方sc的补充section，og解释第二遍，错题一定要记在本子上，积极参与讨论。不要乱评价别人的意见，多提问。因为如果带着批驳的心态去看别人不对的地方，容易将本来就不扎实的基础引入歧途。要多方汲取，兼听则明。CD的班主都是很热心的朋友，并且水平很高，总有很好的解答。CR：就把新东方的绿皮书（或者GMAT CR，一样的）拿来做，每天20道。在第一阶段的准备中，关于各种逻辑题型应当很清楚了，现在需要的是培养对答案的熟悉性。那既是看到答案就知道它对应哪一类体的哪一个考点。做完之后一定要按着这样的思路分析，别做了就算了。逻辑不搞题海战术，要搞也要搞深入。贪多没有一点意义。（我做完lsat之后才有这番感悟，现在能回头的朋友还来得及）关于写作，每天一篇argument，其实七宗罪在逻辑题里也是很好用的。而且考试第一部分就是写作，不达到完全的熟悉，才进入考场时的压迫感会让你手忙脚乱的。（考场里真的很压抑。）另外在这个时段是可以开始阅读基础知识的准备（不要做题，每天拿四篇GRE文章来读，把小安阅读法拿来看看，或者新东方的阅读笔记。）（强烈感谢翟少成老师，在最黑暗的岁月里带给我们活力与希望）。这很重要，因为GRE的文章又难又无聊，很磨练阅读速度与耐性。尝试边读边勾画，什么事该看的，什么事不该看的，什么不用怎么看（看过新东方阅读笔记的朋友一定明白我是什么意思。）因为最后是机考，所以最后一定要摆脱对笔的依赖，所以能不用比作勾画的朋友当然最好。我最阅读从来不做笔记的，因为75分钟的时间会让你感受到肾上腺素的分泌。一定要在考前一个月达到把KSGMAT短时间记在脑海里的能力（keyword, structure,，main idea, attitude, theme sentence），我才萌生不做笔记这种想法时只有48天就考试了。但我还是坚持这样联系了，就叫做‘速记速解’阅读吧。
第三阶段，3月27到4月15日，SC终于开始大全了，每天五十道一个小时，坚持，大权注释是经典著作，错题要仔细研读。不懂得要讨论。我认为我最强悍的就是SC，而这也是GMAT最与众不同的部分。多花功夫多讨论，总结要记在本子上，没事拿出来翻翻。所谓“不封魔，不成活”，一定要投入。要从中找到乐趣（就是跟牛人们讨论的乐趣。还记得浏览薰衣紫草美文的日子，在夹磨中寻找快乐）。CD上有很多语法知识点总结，不要独立的看。自己哪里有问题就看哪个部分。上面的讨论多半都是大权力的题目引申出来的，所以大全的练习过程可以暴露很多问题。接着CR，我是把lsat全部做完了，但我并不认为有多大收获。我的看法可以在一些讨论这个问题的逻辑区5月1至7日的老贴里找到，有兴趣的朋友可以去看看，这里就不重复了。总之，不支持。还不如反反复复的看og和绿皮书，题不在多啊，贵在收获。我最后一个月重看绿皮书的过程可谓居功甚伟，（kaplan的四次模考虽然都只有670左右，但逻辑就几乎不错）大家自己思考，lsat我准备今年秋天考，所以对我来说不算损失，但我不希望大家浪费这个时间。（我做lsat最多错4道，但在作绿皮书还是要错4道，我觉得对GMAT考试来讲收获并不大）这个时候，阅读的经验和技巧应该已经有理论知识铺垫了，把og拿来一天四篇的作，建议别做记号。要用脑子记住。（别在资料上做记号！！！习惯很难改的，模靠的时候就会发现不做记号有多折磨，看到however不能划线，急！）最后是issue，每天看题库10道题，要准备好例子和观点。每天也写一篇argument哦！再说一点issue，GMAT的阅读与语法里有些很好的句子结构与用词*（比如预期反对：you might oppose my view that….To be honest, I confess that. However, you might further oppose my view that…..Here we part company. Does….?(反问对方) Emphatically,‘No’）要多做笔记，可以润色。名人名言看完题目就会发现只有几个有用的，而且通用的，比如As has ever been remarked by Winston Churchill:’ It is no means to do what you like, but you have to like what you do.’还有Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs.等。一定要记通用性强的。
第四阶段，4月16号-4月31日，我是不甚把GWD拿来做了，后来对模考影响巨大。千万不要太早GWD，难得的一套宝贵资料，keep it intact unless you fully prepared. 建议做第二遍大全，我是做了两遍的。错题和考点都应当注意到了。（记住，拿不准的题就当错题记下来。对几个错几个无所谓，现在还不是模考，别自欺欺人，好像每天50道错一半就很打击。没什么的，男人要凶悍女人要彪悍。）置于CR如果是做lsat的朋友一定和我一样还没做完呢。但如果没有做的话，就强烈推荐狒狒135，这135道题乍一看没什么，但我认为优点有二：1。做过lsat会发现，这135道和GMAT CR最像了（难度倒不觉得有多难）。2.解释是几位斑竹呕心沥血之作，思路清晰，翔实合理。每天一个test。至于rc，做新东方的阅读教程，后面会出现阅读，所以做到问题已Q开头的文章就别作了，再次强调。GWD是模考的最好资料，不可亵渎，不可糟蹋。（我后悔啊，最后模考GWD很虚伪的全对，没办法，都做过了，不能故意错啊。所以真实水平不能体现。自己的缺陷也找不到。当时我很想找棵歪脖子树……）置于写作，issue还没有准备完，继续。Argument继续。现在的你应当可以写出600-700字左右的argument了，（我四月最后一篇argument写了775个字，分析了五个错误。）这是最难熬的一个阶段。女朋友忍了两个月不理不睬了，也差不多该分手了。五一哪里也不能去玩，在家坐了7天，没出路。半期考试刚过，怎一个惨字了得。The verge of break down, but please believe: ‘there will be miracle when you believe, though hope is frail but hard to kill……’一定要坚持，要相信自己理想，不要逃避！
最终章。5月1至26号。GWD(13)，天山(4)，Princeton(3), Kaplan(4),PP3(2)这是完整的26套题，每天两篇作文，然后按标准时间模考，详细分析错题，特别注意节奏。真得很重要。今天我又是最后3分钟做完。但我一点也不急，因为从天山开始我就是每次省三分钟叹息。其实，剩35分钟之前做完前20题（对于出现三篇RC的情况，剩40分钟做完对于两篇的情况）就一定来得及。粗俗一点描述，最后几题会有强烈的如厕欲望，我认为是肾上腺素分泌的时候，这种情况下正确率很高。所以要相信自己，看到像是答案就过，别犹豫。反正分数段都订了，怕甚？这些模考中会积累感觉，要仔细记录，包括尿急，口渴，想抽烟等等，凡所可能的状况都经历一下，有什么大不了的？另外，写的作文要留下来，我把所有的Argument 都用一套模板写完了，issue 写了一半。（issue也可以构造精品魔板的，当然要把所有题读完才能总结。最后20几天编写边总结效果很好。）再有就是GWD的题有RC,CR,SC的分类总结。我很欣赏。因为可能会再考到。我好像考到了一个阅读两个逻辑一篇阅读。总之呢，我不知道哪里来的题，但很shocking这些题目的价值。从模考天山开始可以重做一次GWD的分类，这就纯属应试了。很有效，但很无聊。
接着，就是800分了……
对于我的复习计划。我不敢说对大家有多少帮助。但恕我冒昧，我走了很多弯路能有今天的成绩，的确希望修正过的复习计划能帮助后来的人们。也许不是最好的，但我花了很多的心血，只要你么能坚持执行，哪怕只有其中一个建议，都是我无上的荣幸。
最后谈谈分数，800分只是因为我的运气比其他750分以上的朋友运气好一些，没有失误。并没有什么了不起。但我想强调的是，这个分数再次为全CD证明了一件事情：只要我么能坚持自己的理想，矢志不移的走下去，每一个chase dreamer，每一个为梦执著的人，都会看到自己的美丽明天！
最后的最后，关于坚持。很多朋友问我：这样的寂寞与枯燥，人怎么可能人得了。我告诉大家一个心得：别把自己当人看。把自己当神看。把自己当作自己唯一顶礼膜拜的图腾。既然是神，有什么做不到的呢？ 作为自己的神，我给自己这样的神旨：for all you hold the dear on this good earth, I bid you stand, men of the dream! 把考前笔记本上最后一段话送给大家，因为是你们陪伴我度过了所有的岁月，我祝福你们：“也罢，让深的儿子去战斗吧，我是大战士Achilles，我没有怀疑过，也没有脆弱过，让明天，去见证大战士的英勇与无畏吧，让血色的黎明去吹响胜利的号角吧！我是大战士Achilles，我是永远不会到下的战神！我只选择辉煌，或者壮烈……”
（我和所有的困境区斑竹在困境区恭候，需要任何复习工具，资料，经验，帮助，甚至抱怨都可以发贴给我们。因为CD成就了我，该是我回报的时候了。虽然考完了，但我希望这88天的奋斗，可以延续下去。我不会离开CD，离开陪我一起走过的朋友们。）
关于复习准备，浅谈一下。我是工科院校大三学生。参加过CET4,6,和托福考试，成绩均看得过去。我的复习分三个阶段.2月28-3月13，og的sc一天20到，强调解释，我认为最有价值的部分就是og的解释。我看了六遍，给二至三个关键字即可反映出题目及考点。看到这种程度很必要，今天考试的时候我的SC就是以看待og的方式看待的。我问自己：“这道题有什么和那本七孔砖（我对og的昵称）类似的考点？”然后排出明显错误，再根据逻辑意思分析剩下的选项。然后‘黄金规则’和新东方的语法笔记也很有帮助。要注意自己补充。（我自己总结的黄金规则是上课资料的3倍）（在这里感谢朱江老师的大力帮助）CR部分第一阶段主要反复研读新东方ff的笔记（感谢费允杰老师的授课），以及og的CR部分每天20道题。不要看解释，上CD看讨论，og解释也许是因为我的功底不够而看不懂。然后是argument模版的准备，七宗罪要总结完，看前人的模版然后根据平时的阅读积累不断润色。我的模版1400字，35分钟可以打完（打字速度很重要）。准备了前三宗就可以开始写了。（因为所有的罪都可以用充分必要性分析，第二宗罪刚好是这个）。
第二阶段，3月14-26日，每天2个新东方sc的补充section，og解释第二遍，错题一定要记在本子上，积极参与讨论。不要乱评价别人的意见，多提问。因为如果带着批驳的心态去看别人不对的地方，容易将本来就不扎实的基础引入歧途。要多方汲取，兼听则明。CD的班主都是很热心的朋友，并且水平很高，总有很好的解答。CR：就把新东方的绿皮书（或者GMAT CR，一样的）拿来做，每天20道。在第一阶段的准备中，关于各种逻辑题型应当很清楚了，现在需要的是培养对答案的熟悉性。那既是看到答案就知道它对应哪一类体的哪一个考点。做完之后一定要按着这样的思路分析，别做了就算了。逻辑不搞题海战术，要搞也要搞深入。贪多没有一点意义。（我做完lsat之后才有这番感悟，现在能回头的朋友还来得及）关于写作，每天一篇argument，其实七宗罪在逻辑题里也是很好用的。而且考试第一部分就是写作，不达到完全的熟悉，才进入考场时的压迫感会让你手忙脚乱的。（考场里真的很压抑。）另外在这个时段是可以开始阅读基础知识的准备（不要做题，每天拿四篇GRE文章来读，把小安阅读法拿来看看，或者新东方的阅读笔记。）（强烈感谢翟少成老师，在最黑暗的岁月里带给我们活力与希望）。这很重要，因为GRE的文章又难又无聊，很磨练阅读速度与耐性。尝试边读边勾画，什么事该看的，什么事不该看的，什么不用怎么看（看过新东方阅读笔记的朋友一定明白我是什么意思。）因为最后是机考，所以最后一定要摆脱对笔的依赖，所以能不用比作勾画的朋友当然最好。我最阅读从来不做笔记的，因为75分钟的时间会让你感受到肾上腺素的分泌。一定要在考前一个月达到把KSGMAT短时间记在脑海里的能力（keyword, structure,，main idea, attitude, theme sentence），我才萌生不做笔记这种想法时只有48天就考试了。但我还是坚持这样联系了，就叫做‘速记速解’阅读吧。
第三阶段，3月27到4月15日，SC终于开始大全了，每天五十道一个小时，坚持，大权注释是经典著作，错题要仔细研读。不懂得要讨论。我认为我最强悍的就是SC，而这也是GMAT最与众不同的部分。多花功夫多讨论，总结要记在本子上，没事拿出来翻翻。所谓“不封魔，不成活”，一定要投入。要从中找到乐趣（就是跟牛人们讨论的乐趣。还记得浏览薰衣紫草美文的日子，在夹磨中寻找快乐）。CD上有很多语法知识点总结，不要独立的看。自己哪里有问题就看哪个部分。上面的讨论多半都是大权力的题目引申出来的，所以大全的练习过程可以暴露很多问题。接着CR，我是把lsat全部做完了，但我并不认为有多大收获。我的看法可以在一些讨论这个问题的逻辑区5月1至7日的老贴里找到，有兴趣的朋友可以去看看，这里就不重复了。总之，不支持。还不如反反复复的看og和绿皮书，题不在多啊，贵在收获。我最后一个月重看绿皮书的过程可谓居功甚伟，（kaplan的四次模考虽然都只有670左右，但逻辑就几乎不错）大家自己思考，lsat我准备今年秋天考，所以对我来说不算损失，但我不希望大家浪费这个时间。（我做lsat最多错4道，但在作绿皮书还是要错4道，我觉得对GMAT考试来讲收获并不大）这个时候，阅读的经验和技巧应该已经有理论知识铺垫了，把og拿来一天四篇的作，建议别做记号。要用脑子记住。（别在资料上做记号！！！习惯很难改的，模靠的时候就会发现不做记号有多折磨，看到however不能划线，急！）最后是issue，每天看题库10道题，要准备好例子和观点。每天也写一篇argument哦！再说一点issue，GMAT的阅读与语法里有些很好的句子结构与用词*（比如预期反对：you might oppose my view that….To be honest, I confess that. However, you might further oppose my view that…..Here we part company. Does….?(反问对方) Emphatically,‘No’）要多做笔记，可以润色。名人名言看完题目就会发现只有几个有用的，而且通用的，比如As has ever been remarked by Winston Churchill:’ It is no means to do what you like, but you have to like what you do.’还有Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs.等。一定要记通用性强的。
第四阶段，4月16号-4月31日，我是不甚把GWD拿来做了，后来对模考影响巨大。千万不要太早GWD，难得的一套宝贵资料，keep it intact unless you fully prepared. 建议做第二遍大全，我是做了两遍的。错题和考点都应当注意到了。（记住，拿不准的题就当错题记下来。对几个错几个无所谓，现在还不是模考，别自欺欺人，好像每天50道错一半就很打击。没什么的，男人要凶悍女人要彪悍。）置于CR如果是做lsat的朋友一定和我一样还没做完呢。但如果没有做的话，就强烈推荐狒狒135，这135道题乍一看没什么，但我认为优点有二：1。做过lsat会发现，这135道和GMAT CR最像了（难度倒不觉得有多难）。2.解释是几位斑竹呕心沥血之作，思路清晰，翔实合理。每天一个test。至于rc，做新东方的阅读教程，后面会出现阅读，所以做到问题已Q开头的文章就别作了，再次强调。GWD是模考的最好资料，不可亵渎，不可糟蹋。（我后悔啊，最后模考GWD很虚伪的全对，没办法，都做过了，不能故意错啊。所以真实水平不能体现。自己的缺陷也找不到。当时我很想找棵歪脖子树……）置于写作，issue还没有准备完，继续。Argument继续。现在的你应当可以写出600-700字左右的argument了，（我四月最后一篇argument写了775个字，分析了五个错误。）这是最难熬的一个阶段。女朋友忍了两个月不理不睬了，也差不多该分手了。五一哪里也不能去玩，在家坐了7天，没出路。半期考试刚过，怎一个惨字了得。The verge of break down, but please believe: ‘there will be miracle when you believe, though hope is frail but hard to kill……’一定要坚持，要相信自己理想，不要逃避！
最终章。5月1至26号。GWD(13)，天山(4)，Princeton(3), Kaplan(4),PP3(2)这是完整的26套题，每天两篇作文，然后按标准时间模考，详细分析错题，特别注意节奏。真得很重要。今天我又是最后3分钟做完。但我一点也不急，因为从天山开始我就是每次省三分钟叹息。其实，剩35分钟之前做完前20题（对于出现三篇RC的情况，剩40分钟做完对于两篇的情况）就一定来得及。粗俗一点描述，最后几题会有强烈的如厕欲望，我认为是肾上腺素分泌的时候，这种情况下正确率很高。所以要相信自己，看到像是答案就过，别犹豫。反正分数段都订了，怕甚？这些模考中会积累感觉，要仔细记录，包括尿急，口渴，想抽烟等等，凡所可能的状况都经历一下，有什么大不了的？另外，写的作文要留下来，我把所有的Argument 都用一套模板写完了，issue 写了一半。（issue也可以构造精品魔板的，当然要把所有题读完才能总结。最后20几天编写边总结效果很好。）再有就是GWD的题有RC,CR,SC的分类总结。我很欣赏。因为可能会再考到。我好像考到了一个阅读两个逻辑一篇阅读。总之呢，我不知道哪里来的题，但很shocking这些题目的价值。从模考天山开始可以重做一次GWD的分类，这就纯属应试了。很有效，但很无聊。
接着，就是800分了……
对于我的复习计划。我不敢说对大家有多少帮助。但恕我冒昧，我走了很多弯路能有今天的成绩，的确希望修正过的复习计划能帮助后来的人们。也许不是最好的，但我花了很多的心血，只要你么能坚持执行，哪怕只有其中一个建议，都是我无上的荣幸。
最后谈谈分数，800分只是因为我的运气比其他750分以上的朋友运气好一些，没有失误。并没有什么了不起。但我想强调的是，这个分数再次为全CD证明了一件事情：只要我么能坚持自己的理想，矢志不移的走下去，每一个chase dreamer，每一个为梦执著的人，都会看到自己的美丽明天！
最后的最后，关于坚持。很多朋友问我：这样的寂寞与枯燥，人怎么可能人得了。我告诉大家一个心得：别把自己当人看。把自己当神看。把自己当作自己唯一顶礼膜拜的图腾。既然是神，有什么做不到的呢？ 作为自己的神，我给自己这样的神旨：for all you hold the dear on this good earth, I bid you stand, men of the dream! 把考前笔记本上最后一段话送给大家，因为是你们陪伴我度过了所有的岁月，我祝福你们：“也罢，让深的儿子去战斗吧，我是大战士Achilles，我没有怀疑过，也没有脆弱过，让明天，去见证大战士的英勇与无畏吧，让血色的黎明去吹响胜利的号角吧！我是大战士Achilles，我是永远不会到下的战神！我只选择辉煌，或者壮烈……”
（我和所有的困境区斑竹在困境区恭候，需要任何复习工具，资料，经验，帮助，甚至抱怨都可以发贴给我们。因为CD成就了我，该是我回报的时候了。虽然考完了，但我希望这88天的奋斗，可以延续下去。我不会离开CD，离开陪我一起走过的朋友们。）
我的Argument模版
开头段模板 The conclusion endorsed in this argument is that. Several reasons are offered in support of this argument. First of all’ what’s more’ of equal importance is that. At first glance, the author’s argument appears to be somewhat convincing, but further reflection reveals that the conclusion is based on some dubious assumptions and the reasoning is biased due to the inadequacy and partiality in the nature of evidence provided to justify the conclusion. A careful examination would review how groundless this conclusion is.
结尾段模板To conclude, this argument is not persuasive as it stands. Accordingly, it is imprudent for the author to claim that. To make this argument logically acceptable, the author would have to show that. In addition, to solidify the conclusion, the author should provide concrete evidence as well to demonstrate that. Only with more convincing evidence could this argument become more than just an emotional appeal.
选择性样本攻击 A threshold problem is that the author provides no evidence to claim that the general group as a whole is of the same characteristic. The example cited, while suggestive of this trend, is insufficient to warrant its truth because there is no reason to believe that the sample is representative of the whole general group. One need only observe A to appreciate the truth that such evidence would be clearly unrepresentative of the entire general group for obvious reasons. In fact, in face of such limited anecdotal evidence, it is fallacious for the author to draw any conclusion at all.
样本数量攻击 Another problem that seriously weaken the logic of this argument is that the survey cited is based on too small a sample to be reliable. Offered in support of the argument, the only evidence is that. Unless it can be shown that the sample is typical of all general group, the fact that is groundless for claiming that.
Loaded question和诚实性攻击 What’s more, the methodology of the survey is problematic for two reasons. For one thing, we are not informed whether the survey provided only 3 alternatives. If it did, the respondents, who might very well prefer another choice not provided in the survey, might be forced to give up their preferences. For another thing, we are not informed whether the survey response were anonymous or even confidential. If they were not, regardless of whether the responses were truthful, the respondents might supply responses favored by their superiors who might conduct the survey. Both events would lead this survey unreliable, let alone about drawing the conclusion that.
样本代表性攻击Moreover, a possible methodology problem in this argument is that of bias. At first place, the term ‘so many’ is too vague to be statistically meaningful. Even if by ‘so many’ the author means ‘nearly all’, perhaps workers who were more interested than others in the survey might be more likely to respond to the questionnaire—possibly because they found the questionnaire more attractive. Lacking in the information about the number of workers surveyed and the number of respondents, it is impossible to assess the validity of the survey. For instance, if 1000 workers were surveyed but only 10 responded, the result should be highly suspect. Because the author fails to account for other interpretations such as this, the survey would be useless in concluding that.
样本时效性攻击Last but not the least, it is necessary to point out another flaw that significantly undermines this argument that the author neglects to indicate how recently the survey was actually conducted. When used to generally claim a particular group, the samples should be close enough to support the generalization, so as to prevent historical changes from invalidating the generalization. All we know is that the survey is recently published. The less recent the survey itself, the less reliable the results to demonstrate that.
必要性攻击At first place, the author unfairly assumes that A determined solely by B. While B is a seemingly important element in determining A, it is hardly the only or even necessarily required element. This assumption overlooks other crucial criteria in determining A—such as C, D, to list just a few. Accordingly, without accounting for these potential factors, the author concludes too hastily that these prescriptions cited are the best means of achieving goals.
充分性攻击At second place, the author’s solution rests on the assumption that B is sufficient to give birth to the desired goals. However, if it turns out that A is due to a combination of factors, some of which will remain unchanged in the future, such as C and D, mere B might have no stimulating impact on A.
时序性因果攻击Firstly, the author engaged in ‘after this, therefore, because of this’ reasoning. The line of reasoning is that because A before B, the former caused the latter. However, this reasoning is fallacious unless other possible causal factors have been considered and ruled out. For example, perhaps C. Yet another possibility is that D. As a result, any decision aimed at addressing the problem of B must be based on more thorough investigation to gather data in order to narrow down and locate the actual cause of B.
同时性因果攻击Secondly, the author’s solution rests on the assumption that A is the cause of B just because A coincided with B. However, a mere positional correlation does not necessarily prove a causal relationship. In addition, all other prospective causes of B, such as C and D, to list just a few, must be ruled out. Lacking detailed analysis of the real source of B, it would be sheer folly to attribute B to A.
忽略他因攻击Thirdly, the author has focused only on B. A more detailed analysis would reveal that other factors far outweigh the factor on which the author focuses. For example, C and D. Lacking a more comprehensive analysis of the causes of A, it is presumptuous on the part of author to claim that A determined sole by B.
因果倒置攻击At last, it is possible that the author has confused cause with effect respecting A. Perhaps B was a response to A. Since the author was failed to account for this possibility. The claim that is completely unwarranted.
差异概念攻击To begin with, we must establish the meaning of the vague concept A. If the term were synonymous with B, the evidence cited would strongly support the argument. However, A may be defined in other terms such as C and D. Accordingly, the author has drawn the conclusion too hastily due to the ignorance of other definitions of A.
范围内推攻击What’s more, the most egregious reasoning error in this argument is the author’s use of evidence pertaining to a general group as the basis of a particular B. Even if the reasoning may be sound in general sense, the particular situation that B is involved in may not be representative of the entire general group. It is possible that. If this is the case, the claim that is ill founded.
不随时变攻击Moreover, the author unfairly assumes that A will remain unchanged over the next decades. However, a mere recent one-year A is insufficient to claim that. Statistics form such limited anecdotal evidence is not a good indicator for this trend. In addition, it is possible that in the future, should this trend greatly fluctuate or even reverse, the adopting of the author’s proposal might give birth to B, for whatever reason, which might have a negative impact on C1 and, in turns, C2. Admittedly, this argument would be even weaker and weaker each day as time goes by.
错误类比攻击Additionally, it is highly doubtful that strategies drawn from A are applicable to B. However, differences between the two clearly outweigh the similarities, therefore making the analogy much less than valid. For example, C and D all affect A but virtually absent in B. Similarly, E and F, which significantly influent B, have no impact on A. Accordingly, problems such as these show that A and B are dissimilar in ways relevant to the likelihood that B will experience the same consequence if it adopts A’s strategies.
非此即彼攻击Last but not the least, the author unfairly assumes that a reader must make a either-or choice. However, the argument fails to rule out possibility that adjusting A and B might produce better results. Moreover, if the author is wrong in the assumption that A and B are the only causes of the problem, thus the most effective solution might include a complex of other factor changes—such as C and D, to list just a few. In any event, the author provides no justification for the mutually exclusive choice imposed on the reader.
结尾段模板To conclude, this argument is not persuasive as it stands. Accordingly, it is imprudent for the author to claim that. To make this argument logically acceptable, the author would have to show that. In addition, to solidify the conclusion, the author should provide concrete evidence as well to demonstrate that. Only with more convincing evidence could this argument become more than just an emotional appeal.
选择性样本攻击 A threshold problem is that the author provides no evidence to claim that the general group as a whole is of the same characteristic. The example cited, while suggestive of this trend, is insufficient to warrant its truth because there is no reason to believe that the sample is representative of the whole general group. One need only observe A to appreciate the truth that such evidence would be clearly unrepresentative of the entire general group for obvious reasons. In fact, in face of such limited anecdotal evidence, it is fallacious for the author to draw any conclusion at all.
样本数量攻击 Another problem that seriously weaken the logic of this argument is that the survey cited is based on too small a sample to be reliable. Offered in support of the argument, the only evidence is that. Unless it can be shown that the sample is typical of all general group, the fact that is groundless for claiming that.
Loaded question和诚实性攻击 What’s more, the methodology of the survey is problematic for two reasons. For one thing, we are not informed whether the survey provided only 3 alternatives. If it did, the respondents, who might very well prefer another choice not provided in the survey, might be forced to give up their preferences. For another thing, we are not informed whether the survey response were anonymous or even confidential. If they were not, regardless of whether the responses were truthful, the respondents might supply responses favored by their superiors who might conduct the survey. Both events would lead this survey unreliable, let alone about drawing the conclusion that.
样本代表性攻击Moreover, a possible methodology problem in this argument is that of bias. At first place, the term ‘so many’ is too vague to be statistically meaningful. Even if by ‘so many’ the author means ‘nearly all’, perhaps workers who were more interested than others in the survey might be more likely to respond to the questionnaire—possibly because they found the questionnaire more attractive. Lacking in the information about the number of workers surveyed and the number of respondents, it is impossible to assess the validity of the survey. For instance, if 1000 workers were surveyed but only 10 responded, the result should be highly suspect. Because the author fails to account for other interpretations such as this, the survey would be useless in concluding that.
样本时效性攻击Last but not the least, it is necessary to point out another flaw that significantly undermines this argument that the author neglects to indicate how recently the survey was actually conducted. When used to generally claim a particular group, the samples should be close enough to support the generalization, so as to prevent historical changes from invalidating the generalization. All we know is that the survey is recently published. The less recent the survey itself, the less reliable the results to demonstrate that.
必要性攻击At first place, the author unfairly assumes that A determined solely by B. While B is a seemingly important element in determining A, it is hardly the only or even necessarily required element. This assumption overlooks other crucial criteria in determining A—such as C, D, to list just a few. Accordingly, without accounting for these potential factors, the author concludes too hastily that these prescriptions cited are the best means of achieving goals.
充分性攻击At second place, the author’s solution rests on the assumption that B is sufficient to give birth to the desired goals. However, if it turns out that A is due to a combination of factors, some of which will remain unchanged in the future, such as C and D, mere B might have no stimulating impact on A.
时序性因果攻击Firstly, the author engaged in ‘after this, therefore, because of this’ reasoning. The line of reasoning is that because A before B, the former caused the latter. However, this reasoning is fallacious unless other possible causal factors have been considered and ruled out. For example, perhaps C. Yet another possibility is that D. As a result, any decision aimed at addressing the problem of B must be based on more thorough investigation to gather data in order to narrow down and locate the actual cause of B.
同时性因果攻击Secondly, the author’s solution rests on the assumption that A is the cause of B just because A coincided with B. However, a mere positional correlation does not necessarily prove a causal relationship. In addition, all other prospective causes of B, such as C and D, to list just a few, must be ruled out. Lacking detailed analysis of the real source of B, it would be sheer folly to attribute B to A.
忽略他因攻击Thirdly, the author has focused only on B. A more detailed analysis would reveal that other factors far outweigh the factor on which the author focuses. For example, C and D. Lacking a more comprehensive analysis of the causes of A, it is presumptuous on the part of author to claim that A determined sole by B.
因果倒置攻击At last, it is possible that the author has confused cause with effect respecting A. Perhaps B was a response to A. Since the author was failed to account for this possibility. The claim that is completely unwarranted.
差异概念攻击To begin with, we must establish the meaning of the vague concept A. If the term were synonymous with B, the evidence cited would strongly support the argument. However, A may be defined in other terms such as C and D. Accordingly, the author has drawn the conclusion too hastily due to the ignorance of other definitions of A.
范围内推攻击What’s more, the most egregious reasoning error in this argument is the author’s use of evidence pertaining to a general group as the basis of a particular B. Even if the reasoning may be sound in general sense, the particular situation that B is involved in may not be representative of the entire general group. It is possible that. If this is the case, the claim that is ill founded.
不随时变攻击Moreover, the author unfairly assumes that A will remain unchanged over the next decades. However, a mere recent one-year A is insufficient to claim that. Statistics form such limited anecdotal evidence is not a good indicator for this trend. In addition, it is possible that in the future, should this trend greatly fluctuate or even reverse, the adopting of the author’s proposal might give birth to B, for whatever reason, which might have a negative impact on C1 and, in turns, C2. Admittedly, this argument would be even weaker and weaker each day as time goes by.
错误类比攻击Additionally, it is highly doubtful that strategies drawn from A are applicable to B. However, differences between the two clearly outweigh the similarities, therefore making the analogy much less than valid. For example, C and D all affect A but virtually absent in B. Similarly, E and F, which significantly influent B, have no impact on A. Accordingly, problems such as these show that A and B are dissimilar in ways relevant to the likelihood that B will experience the same consequence if it adopts A’s strategies.
非此即彼攻击Last but not the least, the author unfairly assumes that a reader must make a either-or choice. However, the argument fails to rule out possibility that adjusting A and B might produce better results. Moreover, if the author is wrong in the assumption that A and B are the only causes of the problem, thus the most effective solution might include a complex of other factor changes—such as C and D, to list just a few. In any event, the author provides no justification for the mutually exclusive choice imposed on the reader.
我的ISSUE模版
We take for granted that A. Nevertheless, does the fact inevitable indicates that B? The speaker here apparently tempts to confirm that the former takes automatic precedence over the latter. While I agree with the spear insofar as A, I find no empirical evidence to wholly accept the author’s position, which appears to be unconvincing in light of more persuasive assertion, those TS.
The primary reason for my view rests on the undeniable fact that history is replete with evidence of R1. Notables ranging from X to Y come immediately to mind. On the one hand, consider the success of X. On the other hand, let us take Y into account. By the same token, Y does the same. Indeed, both cases illustrate the point that R1, as many other similar cases do.
Another reason for my view is that R2. Empirical evidence supporting this reason is overwhelming. One needs look no further than Z to appreciate that this is indeed the case. As can be obviously seen, Z is that. Admittedly, stories such as this are not rare so that this case is, as has been noted, one of many examples that underscore the point that.
To oppose my view, you might point out that Q1. To be honest, I confess that Q1. However, you may further argue that Q2. Here we part company. In any event, do Q2? Emphatically, ‘No’.
In the final analysis, TS. Therefore, although.
The primary reason for my view rests on the undeniable fact that history is replete with evidence of R1. Notables ranging from X to Y come immediately to mind. On the one hand, consider the success of X. On the other hand, let us take Y into account. By the same token, Y does the same. Indeed, both cases illustrate the point that R1, as many other similar cases do.
Another reason for my view is that R2. Empirical evidence supporting this reason is overwhelming. One needs look no further than Z to appreciate that this is indeed the case. As can be obviously seen, Z is that. Admittedly, stories such as this are not rare so that this case is, as has been noted, one of many examples that underscore the point that.
To oppose my view, you might point out that Q1. To be honest, I confess that Q1. However, you may further argue that Q2. Here we part company. In any event, do Q2? Emphatically, ‘No’.
In the final analysis, TS. Therefore, although.
一些语法总结
承蒙朋友们错爱，我在把笔记本上的语法总结录成文本。但是在很难写，因为我是记录在每一天的复习日志里的，汇总起来好像不太容易。我早上起来试着写了一些。大家看看行不行。我的总结参考了黄金规则，珠江老师的笔记，og解释，大全注释等，我复习时只是摘抄和总结，所以我没什么贡献的。（再次感谢珠江老师！！）
我的一些语法总结：
一. 所谓的原则：
1． 定语从句尽量省略原则：which be/that be+形容词/过去分词，which be/that be应尽量省略。
2． whose/which/that就近指代原则。
3． There be/enough/instead of(相对于rather than)/due to/because of（相对于because）/despite/if(相对于whether)/maybe出现错原则。
4． 表‘命令/建议/要求’的实意动词+that后面省略should原则（这些实意动词已包含了should的意思，所以省略should）
5． 状语从句尽量省略主语+be动词原则。（注意逻辑主语一致）状语从句引导次后接adj/done/doing正确，接n/prep短语错。
6． 宾语从句that保留原则。注意平行结构中‘三个that’的平行。
7． 强语气词（only, only if,情态动词,however/whatever/whenever/wherever）不改变原则。
8． Have+动作性名次错原则。改为do或者be adv done。
9． Be to do表将来时错原则
10．Having/being出现错原则。（having的特例，credit后面用having；being的特例，the chance of being/the distinction of being）。
11.Consider +n1+ n2/adj出现正确原则。
12.Compare/base用被动原则。
13.Similar to/differ from不位于句首原则
14.Continue不用进行时原则。
15.if/when/because三种关系强加/丢失错原则。
二．平行结构。
1. 引起平行的结构：
a. and, or, but, yet
b. not only A, but also B/not A, but B/
c. rather than
d. can do, do, and do/to do, do, and do/that A, that B, and that C
e. 比较结构
2. 平行的原则:形势对称，概念对等，功能相同。
a. 单复数的一致。
b. 时态的一致
c. 主被动的一致
d. 主谓宾顺序的一致
e. 介词结构的一致
二. 比较结构
1. 引起比较的结构
a. like/unlike：be like/be unlike/do like对，do unlike错。Like/unlike+句子或介词短语错。
b.as后接句子及其省略形式（省略不引起歧义的主语）
c.as…as
d.比较级+than
e. compare to/with
f. the more, the more的结构
2. 比较的原则
a. 数的一致
b.概念对等（常考人名与所有格等逻辑意思上不可比的两个概念）
c.比较时必须将自己排除在外：any+n改为and other+n
d.倍数表达法twice as many as/twice the n/twice what/sth double（出现即正确）/sth be doubled（被动不好）
e. than 后面尽量补足助动词（因为介词也可省略,若不补足助动词，或引起歧义）
f. 状语与非状语不具可比性。
g.A至少等于B的表达：at least as more as/as more as, if not more so/as more as, or more than.as more as, and even more than（两个as必须全，有more必有than）
三. 主谓一致
1. 解题思想：分析句子结构，找出主谓宾，主句的主谓一致，从句的主谓一致分开考虑。抛弃所有修饰成分思考。
2. 需要注意的结构：
a. one of 名词复数 +that+ 谓语复数/the one of 名词复数+that 谓语单数
b.n1 of n2 that 谓语的单复数由that修饰的对象决定
c.倒装结构，由谓语后的名词形成分分析谓语单复数。
d.复合主语：数主语有几个a, the, that，大于二则谓语用复数。
e. each作代词：each of n+谓语单数。Each作副词：名词复数+each+谓语复数。
f. 物质名词和学科名词后接谓语单数
g.百分比结构 1 percent 0f 名词，由名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数
h.a body of/an array of/a series of/a collection of/ a set of /the number of +n/ns +谓语单数
i. a number of/numbers of 名词复数+谓语复数
j. one in/out of 名词复数+谓语单数
k.two out/in of 名词复数+谓语复数
四。句子的时态。
1。关于时态的一些原则
a.时态尽量简单（一般过去，一般现在，一般将来，一般进行，复杂的时态如：过去将来完成时等都算错。having/being错误标志，但有特例。credit+having，the chance of being, the distinction of being.而且这些特例出现就选）
b.不能毫无根据改变句子时态。
c.主从举时态关系：主将从将错，主过完从过完错，主现完从现完对，主将从现对，主过从过完对（新东方朱江老师的口诀）
2。时态的判断
a.since(完成时)，originally(过去时)，generally,the most common(现在时)，表持续时间的时间状语（完成时）
b。表真理及普遍规律用现在是。（根据经验，这一点只有一种情况：sb said后接一般现在时。）
五.独立主格结构
1。标准形式：a.svo, n +doing/done/adj/prep/n（ets的preference，因为的确简洁）
b.svo,with/without + n +doing/done/adj/prep/n
（不得不谈的with，作为正确选项概率很小，因为会有修饰歧义，不只是修饰最近的名词性成份还是主句主语，很多有争议的GWD都是从这里来的。个人意见：多半是错的，别对with有好感）
c.svo, each+doing/done/adj/prep/n（ets的preference）
六.虚拟语气。
1.可能引起虚拟的结构：a.表命令/建议/要求（demand/suggest/advvise/mandate/order/propose/advocate.recommend/decree），且should必须省略。
b.it is important that （这个结构可以虚拟，og上有例子）
2.不得不说的几个问题：a.考察虚拟语气，可以直接找be，因为是动词原型。一般都这么出。因为be动词的圆形与其他形式区别最大。
b.require of sb that/require sb to do/it is required of sb to do sth(require唯一的三种正确形式)
c.suggest可以后接doing,这个时候要注意平行问题，而不再是考察虚拟。
d.demand sb to do sth是错误表达。og 上cocacola那道题是最好的例证。
e.顺便提一下‘禁止’：gmat里只有两种表达：prohibit sb from doing/ forbid sb to do
不能互换。
七.逻辑主语。
1.这个考点只需要注意一个问题，什么时候去思考是否有逻辑主语的问题？
标志性结构：a.doing, svo.
b.prep +doing/done, svo
c.adj, svo
d, conjunction +doing/done, svo.
e,doing/done放在主从句之间，一定错！（主义是主从句，不是主谓之间。这个考点一定会被拍砖，非常欢迎大家拍，好好拍，一定要弄清楚那道一年了没有结论的题）逻辑主语是最重要亦是最有效的考点，一定要注意！
八.代词。
1.代词遵循规则：
a.that只能指代单数名词
b.指代唯一：同一句话里,所有的that都指代统一对象，所有的it也是。
（tip,若前句用的是所有格形式，后句的代词若想指代前句的所有者，是绝对错的）
c.主句在前从句在后，只有从句可以用代词。从句在前主句在后，谁用代词都可以。
d.任何代词不能指代句子，改为so.（高频考点！）
e.this/that/those/these不能单独作主语。
f.such as +代词是错误的。
2。错误代词的修改：a。用一个名词指代 （正确选项标志）
b.改为现在分词的伴随状态。
3。关于就近指代
1． which在从句中的作用。a.prep+which 后接完整句。b.which后接不完整句，which在从句中要做成分。c.百分比结构，如10% of which整个作名词性结构。
2． 2。which的指代。这一点太烦了。首先，比较传统的理解是这样的结构（介词为of）：1.A of B which. 2. A of B, which(区别在于有无comma)，前者只能就近指代，（诚然，由题目违反了这一点）；后者可以越前指代，但也不一定越前指代。其次，如果介词不是of，能越前指代吗？其实，很多的语法争端都是从这里开始的，也很难平息。但是，有几点是可以肯定地，1.A of B which显然是不好的结构，应该改为that（可以用word试试，office认为这是语法错误）.2.就近指代是主流。因为从阅读的角度来讲，越前指代会造成理解的困难，而og是最不喜欢任何造成理解困难的用法的。3.逻辑意思决定which后的谓语单复数。所以，把which可能引起的指代作为相对错也许比较合理。（当然，我现在脑海里都浮现出很多范例了。比如a group of birds that……那道题。）对了对了，还要注意 body of/an array of/a series of/a collection of/ a set of /the number of +n/ns +谓语单数这些特殊用法。
九.关于redundancy的总结
1. amount to a sum
2. annual and a year
3. after when
4. substitute and in place of
5. once in every [number] [time]
6. both A as well as B
7. regain and again
8. soar and rise and increase
9. increase/decrease and up to/down to
10. opposition and against
11. be able to/ability and afford
12. can and capability
13. now and currently
14. can and potentially(can, potentially,…is right)
15. consequence and result
16. may and likely
17. that of his own
18. return back
19. although and may
20. use as and borrow against
21. also and like/as
22. share the same
23. withhold disclosure
24. no less than/nothing other than(在完全美有比较的情况下赤裸裸的出现在名次前)
25. pay and payment
26. reason and because
十.关于Set Phrase的总结
1. be believed to be
2. be estimated to be
3. distinguish between A and B/ distinguish A from B
4. rates for(when ‘rates’ means prices charge)
5. the cost to sb of doing sth; cost sb sth in sth
6. attribute A to B; B is attributed to A
7. in the coming moth
8. admit that SVO/admit to sth
9. introduce into
10. in an attempt to
11. known to do sth/known to be sth/known as sth;/known for sth
12. the extent to which
13. be necessary to do/the necessity of doing/sth
14. consider n1 n2
15. in danger of
16. cite A as an instance of B; for instance
17. all things adj/all the adj things
18. credit[v] sb with having done/the credit[n] to sb for having done
19. substitute A for B
20. be expected to
21. both A and B
22. demand that s v o; [‘demand s to do’ is wrong.]
23. mistake A for B.
24. all of which [can not be ‘of which all’]
25. at a time when/ the year that/the period when/ an age in which
26. A is the reason why
27. threaten to do
28. allow sth to be done/sb to do sth
29. be responsible to sb/for doing sth/sth
30. forbid sth/doing sth; prohibit sb from doing sth
31. depict sth as sth/ as if SVO
32. contribute to sth/doing sth
33. the use of sth to do sth
34. the same as/that[用as与用that意思不同]
35. be capable of doing sth/the capability of doing sth/be able to do sth/the ability to do sth/the possibility of doning
36. [be capable of being done/be able/unable to be done] are wrong！！
37. effort to do sth
38. think of A as B
39. ‘,’ +who; prep+whom
40. supply for sth
41. it is hoped that
42. just as SVO, so SVO
43. the rivalry between A and B; rival A and B;A rival B for sth.
44. help to do/help do; be helpful in doing
45. sth prove adj
46. the necessity of sth
47. break with sb in sth
48. dispute over sth
49. on comparison of A with B
50. on condition that +subjunctive mood or past tense
51. be native to
52. in contrast with/to
53. with the intention of doing
54. the importance of sth/doing sth
55. plan to do/on doing
56. whatever sth(v is unnecessary and can be omit)
57. the proposal to do/propose to do
58. allocate sth to sb/sth for sth/sth sth.
59. aid in doing sth/with the aid of sb/in aid of sth/aid to do
60. use sth as/to do sth
61. at speed
62. date back to/date from sth/ the date of
63. connection between A and B
64. the consequence of
65. if only because[这里only不是强语气词]
66. increase between A and B; increase of A to B
67. A and B alike
68. suggest A as B
69. distinction of being doing
70. aim at/to do
71. go unnoticed
72. a method of doing sth/to do
73. the chance of doing
74. said that +V[用一般现在是哦]
75. damage to sth/damage sth
76. at a disvantage
77. be/have/give grounds for
78. does more than do
79. alliance and treaties[必须一起出现]
80. even as = just as
81. have difficult in
82. restitution for
83. reversion to sth
84. carry on as [position]
85. take sb sth to do sth
86. target at
87. share sth with sb
88. that is[表示那就是说,不能用which means]
89. make do without
90. A is to B what C is to D
91. the reason [why]（可省略，虽然og说不能但她自己都省过）SVO
92. it is important that A be[subjunctive mood] B
93. on surface; at pole/line
94. each…the other…
95. be intended on/up (doing) sth
96. impact on/upon
97. diminish[不能用impede] the possibility of doing sth
98. call sth to consider
99. recoup sth/recoup sb for sth
100. A be done that
101. looking to sb to do sth
102. make up for
103. At the invitation of sb[在某人的邀请之下]
104. skill in/at doing sth
105. namely that SVO
106. One A for every Bs
107. SVO at once[at once的位置]
108. S V1 O1, then V2 O2
109. reversion to + n
终于大体上写完了，还有很多细节。我会不断增补。毕竟翻88天的日志真得满苦闷的。希望大家按照这样的结构能很好地总结出自己的一套应对sc的方案。我算是抛砖吧。一定会有不严谨的地方，还望各位前辈多批评指正。
我的一些语法总结：
一. 所谓的原则：
1． 定语从句尽量省略原则：which be/that be+形容词/过去分词，which be/that be应尽量省略。
2． whose/which/that就近指代原则。
3． There be/enough/instead of(相对于rather than)/due to/because of（相对于because）/despite/if(相对于whether)/maybe出现错原则。
4． 表‘命令/建议/要求’的实意动词+that后面省略should原则（这些实意动词已包含了should的意思，所以省略should）
5． 状语从句尽量省略主语+be动词原则。（注意逻辑主语一致）状语从句引导次后接adj/done/doing正确，接n/prep短语错。
6． 宾语从句that保留原则。注意平行结构中‘三个that’的平行。
7． 强语气词（only, only if,情态动词,however/whatever/whenever/wherever）不改变原则。
8． Have+动作性名次错原则。改为do或者be adv done。
9． Be to do表将来时错原则
10．Having/being出现错原则。（having的特例，credit后面用having；being的特例，the chance of being/the distinction of being）。
11.Consider +n1+ n2/adj出现正确原则。
12.Compare/base用被动原则。
13.Similar to/differ from不位于句首原则
14.Continue不用进行时原则。
15.if/when/because三种关系强加/丢失错原则。
二．平行结构。
1. 引起平行的结构：
a. and, or, but, yet
b. not only A, but also B/not A, but B/
c. rather than
d. can do, do, and do/to do, do, and do/that A, that B, and that C
e. 比较结构
2. 平行的原则:形势对称，概念对等，功能相同。
a. 单复数的一致。
b. 时态的一致
c. 主被动的一致
d. 主谓宾顺序的一致
e. 介词结构的一致
二. 比较结构
1. 引起比较的结构
a. like/unlike：be like/be unlike/do like对，do unlike错。Like/unlike+句子或介词短语错。
b.as后接句子及其省略形式（省略不引起歧义的主语）
c.as…as
d.比较级+than
e. compare to/with
f. the more, the more的结构
2. 比较的原则
a. 数的一致
b.概念对等（常考人名与所有格等逻辑意思上不可比的两个概念）
c.比较时必须将自己排除在外：any+n改为and other+n
d.倍数表达法twice as many as/twice the n/twice what/sth double（出现即正确）/sth be doubled（被动不好）
e. than 后面尽量补足助动词（因为介词也可省略,若不补足助动词，或引起歧义）
f. 状语与非状语不具可比性。
g.A至少等于B的表达：at least as more as/as more as, if not more so/as more as, or more than.as more as, and even more than（两个as必须全，有more必有than）
三. 主谓一致
1. 解题思想：分析句子结构，找出主谓宾，主句的主谓一致，从句的主谓一致分开考虑。抛弃所有修饰成分思考。
2. 需要注意的结构：
a. one of 名词复数 +that+ 谓语复数/the one of 名词复数+that 谓语单数
b.n1 of n2 that 谓语的单复数由that修饰的对象决定
c.倒装结构，由谓语后的名词形成分分析谓语单复数。
d.复合主语：数主语有几个a, the, that，大于二则谓语用复数。
e. each作代词：each of n+谓语单数。Each作副词：名词复数+each+谓语复数。
f. 物质名词和学科名词后接谓语单数
g.百分比结构 1 percent 0f 名词，由名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数
h.a body of/an array of/a series of/a collection of/ a set of /the number of +n/ns +谓语单数
i. a number of/numbers of 名词复数+谓语复数
j. one in/out of 名词复数+谓语单数
k.two out/in of 名词复数+谓语复数
四。句子的时态。
1。关于时态的一些原则
a.时态尽量简单（一般过去，一般现在，一般将来，一般进行，复杂的时态如：过去将来完成时等都算错。having/being错误标志，但有特例。credit+having，the chance of being, the distinction of being.而且这些特例出现就选）
b.不能毫无根据改变句子时态。
c.主从举时态关系：主将从将错，主过完从过完错，主现完从现完对，主将从现对，主过从过完对（新东方朱江老师的口诀）
2。时态的判断
a.since(完成时)，originally(过去时)，generally,the most common(现在时)，表持续时间的时间状语（完成时）
b。表真理及普遍规律用现在是。（根据经验，这一点只有一种情况：sb said后接一般现在时。）
五.独立主格结构
1。标准形式：a.svo, n +doing/done/adj/prep/n（ets的preference，因为的确简洁）
b.svo,with/without + n +doing/done/adj/prep/n
（不得不谈的with，作为正确选项概率很小，因为会有修饰歧义，不只是修饰最近的名词性成份还是主句主语，很多有争议的GWD都是从这里来的。个人意见：多半是错的，别对with有好感）
c.svo, each+doing/done/adj/prep/n（ets的preference）
六.虚拟语气。
1.可能引起虚拟的结构：a.表命令/建议/要求（demand/suggest/advvise/mandate/order/propose/advocate.recommend/decree），且should必须省略。
b.it is important that （这个结构可以虚拟，og上有例子）
2.不得不说的几个问题：a.考察虚拟语气，可以直接找be，因为是动词原型。一般都这么出。因为be动词的圆形与其他形式区别最大。
b.require of sb that/require sb to do/it is required of sb to do sth(require唯一的三种正确形式)
c.suggest可以后接doing,这个时候要注意平行问题，而不再是考察虚拟。
d.demand sb to do sth是错误表达。og 上cocacola那道题是最好的例证。
e.顺便提一下‘禁止’：gmat里只有两种表达：prohibit sb from doing/ forbid sb to do
不能互换。
七.逻辑主语。
1.这个考点只需要注意一个问题，什么时候去思考是否有逻辑主语的问题？
标志性结构：a.doing, svo.
b.prep +doing/done, svo
c.adj, svo
d, conjunction +doing/done, svo.
e,doing/done放在主从句之间，一定错！（主义是主从句，不是主谓之间。这个考点一定会被拍砖，非常欢迎大家拍，好好拍，一定要弄清楚那道一年了没有结论的题）逻辑主语是最重要亦是最有效的考点，一定要注意！
八.代词。
1.代词遵循规则：
a.that只能指代单数名词
b.指代唯一：同一句话里,所有的that都指代统一对象，所有的it也是。
（tip,若前句用的是所有格形式，后句的代词若想指代前句的所有者，是绝对错的）
c.主句在前从句在后，只有从句可以用代词。从句在前主句在后，谁用代词都可以。
d.任何代词不能指代句子，改为so.（高频考点！）
e.this/that/those/these不能单独作主语。
f.such as +代词是错误的。
2。错误代词的修改：a。用一个名词指代 （正确选项标志）
b.改为现在分词的伴随状态。
3。关于就近指代
1． which在从句中的作用。a.prep+which 后接完整句。b.which后接不完整句，which在从句中要做成分。c.百分比结构，如10% of which整个作名词性结构。
2． 2。which的指代。这一点太烦了。首先，比较传统的理解是这样的结构（介词为of）：1.A of B which. 2. A of B, which(区别在于有无comma)，前者只能就近指代，（诚然，由题目违反了这一点）；后者可以越前指代，但也不一定越前指代。其次，如果介词不是of，能越前指代吗？其实，很多的语法争端都是从这里开始的，也很难平息。但是，有几点是可以肯定地，1.A of B which显然是不好的结构，应该改为that（可以用word试试，office认为这是语法错误）.2.就近指代是主流。因为从阅读的角度来讲，越前指代会造成理解的困难，而og是最不喜欢任何造成理解困难的用法的。3.逻辑意思决定which后的谓语单复数。所以，把which可能引起的指代作为相对错也许比较合理。（当然，我现在脑海里都浮现出很多范例了。比如a group of birds that……那道题。）对了对了，还要注意 body of/an array of/a series of/a collection of/ a set of /the number of +n/ns +谓语单数这些特殊用法。
九.关于redundancy的总结
1. amount to a sum
2. annual and a year
3. after when
4. substitute and in place of
5. once in every [number] [time]
6. both A as well as B
7. regain and again
8. soar and rise and increase
9. increase/decrease and up to/down to
10. opposition and against
11. be able to/ability and afford
12. can and capability
13. now and currently
14. can and potentially(can, potentially,…is right)
15. consequence and result
16. may and likely
17. that of his own
18. return back
19. although and may
20. use as and borrow against
21. also and like/as
22. share the same
23. withhold disclosure
24. no less than/nothing other than(在完全美有比较的情况下赤裸裸的出现在名次前)
25. pay and payment
26. reason and because
十.关于Set Phrase的总结
1. be believed to be
2. be estimated to be
3. distinguish between A and B/ distinguish A from B
4. rates for(when ‘rates’ means prices charge)
5. the cost to sb of doing sth; cost sb sth in sth
6. attribute A to B; B is attributed to A
7. in the coming moth
8. admit that SVO/admit to sth
9. introduce into
10. in an attempt to
11. known to do sth/known to be sth/known as sth;/known for sth
12. the extent to which
13. be necessary to do/the necessity of doing/sth
14. consider n1 n2
15. in danger of
16. cite A as an instance of B; for instance
17. all things adj/all the adj things
18. credit[v] sb with having done/the credit[n] to sb for having done
19. substitute A for B
20. be expected to
21. both A and B
22. demand that s v o; [‘demand s to do’ is wrong.]
23. mistake A for B.
24. all of which [can not be ‘of which all’]
25. at a time when/ the year that/the period when/ an age in which
26. A is the reason why
27. threaten to do
28. allow sth to be done/sb to do sth
29. be responsible to sb/for doing sth/sth
30. forbid sth/doing sth; prohibit sb from doing sth
31. depict sth as sth/ as if SVO
32. contribute to sth/doing sth
33. the use of sth to do sth
34. the same as/that[用as与用that意思不同]
35. be capable of doing sth/the capability of doing sth/be able to do sth/the ability to do sth/the possibility of doning
36. [be capable of being done/be able/unable to be done] are wrong！！
37. effort to do sth
38. think of A as B
39. ‘,’ +who; prep+whom
40. supply for sth
41. it is hoped that
42. just as SVO, so SVO
43. the rivalry between A and B; rival A and B;A rival B for sth.
44. help to do/help do; be helpful in doing
45. sth prove adj
46. the necessity of sth
47. break with sb in sth
48. dispute over sth
49. on comparison of A with B
50. on condition that +subjunctive mood or past tense
51. be native to
52. in contrast with/to
53. with the intention of doing
54. the importance of sth/doing sth
55. plan to do/on doing
56. whatever sth(v is unnecessary and can be omit)
57. the proposal to do/propose to do
58. allocate sth to sb/sth for sth/sth sth.
59. aid in doing sth/with the aid of sb/in aid of sth/aid to do
60. use sth as/to do sth
61. at speed
62. date back to/date from sth/ the date of
63. connection between A and B
64. the consequence of
65. if only because[这里only不是强语气词]
66. increase between A and B; increase of A to B
67. A and B alike
68. suggest A as B
69. distinction of being doing
70. aim at/to do
71. go unnoticed
72. a method of doing sth/to do
73. the chance of doing
74. said that +V[用一般现在是哦]
75. damage to sth/damage sth
76. at a disvantage
77. be/have/give grounds for
78. does more than do
79. alliance and treaties[必须一起出现]
80. even as = just as
81. have difficult in
82. restitution for
83. reversion to sth
84. carry on as [position]
85. take sb sth to do sth
86. target at
87. share sth with sb
88. that is[表示那就是说,不能用which means]
89. make do without
90. A is to B what C is to D
91. the reason [why]（可省略，虽然og说不能但她自己都省过）SVO
92. it is important that A be[subjunctive mood] B
93. on surface; at pole/line
94. each…the other…
95. be intended on/up (doing) sth
96. impact on/upon
97. diminish[不能用impede] the possibility of doing sth
98. call sth to consider
99. recoup sth/recoup sb for sth
100. A be done that
101. looking to sb to do sth
102. make up for
103. At the invitation of sb[在某人的邀请之下]
104. skill in/at doing sth
105. namely that SVO
106. One A for every Bs
107. SVO at once[at once的位置]
108. S V1 O1, then V2 O2
109. reversion to + n
终于大体上写完了，还有很多细节。我会不断增补。毕竟翻88天的日志真得满苦闷的。希望大家按照这样的结构能很好地总结出自己的一套应对sc的方案。我算是抛砖吧。一定会有不严谨的地方，还望各位前辈多批评指正。
关于AWA准备工作的一些想法
关于AWA准备工作的一些想法：
首先，不得不说一下AWA的重要性。
1. 一个事实。我打算申请美国top20的Finance,为了有一个相对排名靠后的学校垫底，在最近半个月通过Purdue毕业的姐姐与Purdue finance PHD的招生委员会有了一些联系。他们知道我800分的total score一点也没有觉得我就很有competition position，直到我把AWA电话查分5.5的消息告诉了他们之后，其中一位教授才给出了：“I will push you”的评价。On the contrary, Purdue MBA的director在知道total score后就立即给出了很好的评价。所以我认为，对于想申请Master/PHD又想拿奖的朋友们，AWA成绩非常的重要，不管你的total可以考多高，瘸条腿，走路难。
2. 和AWA区的斑斑judy有过一些讨论。诚然，AWA的分数也许不如total那么直观，但在整个GMAT的复习过程中。写作技巧的提高是最明显的，因为其他部分能在以后的工作和学习中用到的少之又少。而写作技巧却会读今后的路有很大的帮助。近一点说，PS和Recommendation的写作，远一点，真的到了graduate school有多少篇paper要写呢？
3. 写作是整个考试的第一部分。也是从心理上讲最紧张的时段。记得我在考试的时候，由于填报送分学校的环节出了岔子之添了一所就next了，第一篇issue真得很紧张。但还好行文思路及立场很清晰，一些闪光句型可以很本能的应用，才不至于影响到了后面的math和verbal。而实战时心态的重要性，在很多前辈的心得里可见一斑。
In the final analysis, 写作部分应当得到应有的重视。希望才开始准备和正在准备GMAT考试的朋友们，可以多花一点点心思。
其次，具体地说一点argument的准备。
1. 七宗罪是基本（AWA区应该有下载）。对于每一宗罪都应该有相应的模板，并且要深刻记忆，能够快速输入。比如1400字左右的模板应该每天练习且在40分钟之内打完。而对于七宗罪的理解，我有一点很固执的看法：没有必要去理解每一篇argument的题目究竟说了什么意思，而关键在于每一宗罪的标志词，that is，看见in the past 10 years就可以反映出随时不变错误，看见must/should就应该反映出充分必要性错误，看见poll/survey就会想到样本代表性，忠实性等调查类错误，看见两个实体比较就false analogy.下面举一道我在AWA区恢复的一个帖子作为例子。
“Over the past three years(随时间不变) the tartfish industry has changed markedly: fishing technology has improved significantly, and the demand for tartfish has grown in both domestic and foreign markets. As this trend continues（随时间不变，这个题出的太明显了）, the tartfish industry on Shrimp Island（错误类比） can expect to experience the same over-fishing problems that are already occurring with mainland fishing industries: without restrictions on fishing, fishers see no reason to limit their individual catches. As the catches get bigger, the tartfish population will be dangerously depleted while the surplus of tartfish will devalue the catch for fishers. Government regulation is the only answer（充分必要性）: tartfish-fishing should be allowed only during the three-month summer season, when tartfish reproduce and thus are most numerous, rather than throughout the year.”
从上例可见，也许我们并不明白这篇文章讲了什么，但仍可以挑出这些论证错误。再辅之以好的模板，（我写作水平不高，也不相信临场发挥。所以相信模板。）在25分钟内写出600字左右的文章一点问题没有，最后检查一下拼写。5-6分一定可以达到。
2. 从复习的第一天起就开始准备模板，20天之内所有七宗罪的模板应该整理完毕。然后每天达一遍模板写一篇argument，心情不爽可以多写几篇。这样到最后所有题目写完，大字速度应该到了很高的水平。还有什么好紧张的呢？
最后，谈谈issue。
1. 在argument比较熟练之后再开始准备（不然每天工作量太大）。建议每天10道pool里的题目（我不相信我有遇到黄金八十题的运气），把所有题目的立场，行文思路总结下来。准备好相应例子。前后是可以互补的，很多例子先没想到后面被其他题或文章激发就会涌现。这部分需要18天的时间。
2. 试着每天一篇argument一篇issue，这时argument应该不会再超时了。但开始写issue想写上500字不超时满困难的。也不要着急，20天之后应该就可以完成比较四肢健全的issue了。
3. 关于例子：羊毛出在羊身上。ETS在GMAT和GRE的阅读中有大量的经典例子和闪光句型。在按照小安阅读法准备阅读的round 2里面，完全可以挑出这些好的资源记录在笔记本上。还有一个好东东叫微软大百科，查找资料很方便。例子不要记得太杂了。商管类可以记一两家公司就够了。比如我是记的Toyota，写公司等级制度，奖惩系统，与所在城市的关系（Toyota所在城市原名Koromo，因为Toyota对城市发展的贡献改名Toyota。）等等题目都可用到。结末的教训是：例子的实体不用多，但实体的内容要广泛，可以应对很多题目。至于名人名言，一两句就行了。不打算用名人名言作文章开头的朋友们没必要花太多工夫。
4. 关于issue的模板：诚然，issue是很不好写模板的。但我认为要写出argument那样的模板不可能，但可以写出引导行文方向的模板，that is，不用具体到完整句，但要给出，每个行文部分的引领词，每个部分的思路与结构。这一点语言不太好表达。如果大家不嫌弃，可以参考以下的模板：
We take for granted that A. Nevertheless, does the fact inevitable indicates that B? The speaker here apparently tempts to confirm that the former takes automatic precedence over the latter. While I agree with the spear insofar as A, I find no empirical evidence to wholly accept the author’s position, which appears to be unconvincing in light of more persuasive assertion, those TS.
The primary reason for my view rests on the undeniable fact that history is replete with evidence of R1. Notables ranging from X to Y come immediately to mind. On the one hand, consider the success of X. On the other hand, let us take Y into account. By the same token, Y does the same. Indeed, both cases illustrate the point that R1, as many other similar cases do.
Another reason for my view is that R2. Empirical evidence supporting this reason is overwhelming. One needs look no further than Z to appreciate that this is indeed the case. As can be obviously seen, Z is that. Admittedly, stories such as this are not rare so that this case is, as has been noted, one of many examples that underscore the point that.
To oppose my view, you might point out that Q1. To be honest, I confess that Q1. However, you may further argue that Q2. Here we part company. In any event, do Q2? Emphatically, ‘No’.
In the final analysis, TS. Therefore, although.
由上例可见，这份220字的模板我没有具体到每一句话，但我却很好的把握了自己下一步的行文方向。由于ETS不要求立场的正确性。所以干脆所有题就报一种立场。而上例模板给出的立场是典型的大负小正二分法立场，在我写过的50多篇issue里，没有遇到过不能行文的。
一家之言，仅供参考。
首先，不得不说一下AWA的重要性。
1. 一个事实。我打算申请美国top20的Finance,为了有一个相对排名靠后的学校垫底，在最近半个月通过Purdue毕业的姐姐与Purdue finance PHD的招生委员会有了一些联系。他们知道我800分的total score一点也没有觉得我就很有competition position，直到我把AWA电话查分5.5的消息告诉了他们之后，其中一位教授才给出了：“I will push you”的评价。On the contrary, Purdue MBA的director在知道total score后就立即给出了很好的评价。所以我认为，对于想申请Master/PHD又想拿奖的朋友们，AWA成绩非常的重要，不管你的total可以考多高，瘸条腿，走路难。
2. 和AWA区的斑斑judy有过一些讨论。诚然，AWA的分数也许不如total那么直观，但在整个GMAT的复习过程中。写作技巧的提高是最明显的，因为其他部分能在以后的工作和学习中用到的少之又少。而写作技巧却会读今后的路有很大的帮助。近一点说，PS和Recommendation的写作，远一点，真的到了graduate school有多少篇paper要写呢？
3. 写作是整个考试的第一部分。也是从心理上讲最紧张的时段。记得我在考试的时候，由于填报送分学校的环节出了岔子之添了一所就next了，第一篇issue真得很紧张。但还好行文思路及立场很清晰，一些闪光句型可以很本能的应用，才不至于影响到了后面的math和verbal。而实战时心态的重要性，在很多前辈的心得里可见一斑。
In the final analysis, 写作部分应当得到应有的重视。希望才开始准备和正在准备GMAT考试的朋友们，可以多花一点点心思。
其次，具体地说一点argument的准备。
1. 七宗罪是基本（AWA区应该有下载）。对于每一宗罪都应该有相应的模板，并且要深刻记忆，能够快速输入。比如1400字左右的模板应该每天练习且在40分钟之内打完。而对于七宗罪的理解，我有一点很固执的看法：没有必要去理解每一篇argument的题目究竟说了什么意思，而关键在于每一宗罪的标志词，that is，看见in the past 10 years就可以反映出随时不变错误，看见must/should就应该反映出充分必要性错误，看见poll/survey就会想到样本代表性，忠实性等调查类错误，看见两个实体比较就false analogy.下面举一道我在AWA区恢复的一个帖子作为例子。
“Over the past three years(随时间不变) the tartfish industry has changed markedly: fishing technology has improved significantly, and the demand for tartfish has grown in both domestic and foreign markets. As this trend continues（随时间不变，这个题出的太明显了）, the tartfish industry on Shrimp Island（错误类比） can expect to experience the same over-fishing problems that are already occurring with mainland fishing industries: without restrictions on fishing, fishers see no reason to limit their individual catches. As the catches get bigger, the tartfish population will be dangerously depleted while the surplus of tartfish will devalue the catch for fishers. Government regulation is the only answer（充分必要性）: tartfish-fishing should be allowed only during the three-month summer season, when tartfish reproduce and thus are most numerous, rather than throughout the year.”
从上例可见，也许我们并不明白这篇文章讲了什么，但仍可以挑出这些论证错误。再辅之以好的模板，（我写作水平不高，也不相信临场发挥。所以相信模板。）在25分钟内写出600字左右的文章一点问题没有，最后检查一下拼写。5-6分一定可以达到。
2. 从复习的第一天起就开始准备模板，20天之内所有七宗罪的模板应该整理完毕。然后每天达一遍模板写一篇argument，心情不爽可以多写几篇。这样到最后所有题目写完，大字速度应该到了很高的水平。还有什么好紧张的呢？
最后，谈谈issue。
1. 在argument比较熟练之后再开始准备（不然每天工作量太大）。建议每天10道pool里的题目（我不相信我有遇到黄金八十题的运气），把所有题目的立场，行文思路总结下来。准备好相应例子。前后是可以互补的，很多例子先没想到后面被其他题或文章激发就会涌现。这部分需要18天的时间。
2. 试着每天一篇argument一篇issue，这时argument应该不会再超时了。但开始写issue想写上500字不超时满困难的。也不要着急，20天之后应该就可以完成比较四肢健全的issue了。
3. 关于例子：羊毛出在羊身上。ETS在GMAT和GRE的阅读中有大量的经典例子和闪光句型。在按照小安阅读法准备阅读的round 2里面，完全可以挑出这些好的资源记录在笔记本上。还有一个好东东叫微软大百科，查找资料很方便。例子不要记得太杂了。商管类可以记一两家公司就够了。比如我是记的Toyota，写公司等级制度，奖惩系统，与所在城市的关系（Toyota所在城市原名Koromo，因为Toyota对城市发展的贡献改名Toyota。）等等题目都可用到。结末的教训是：例子的实体不用多，但实体的内容要广泛，可以应对很多题目。至于名人名言，一两句就行了。不打算用名人名言作文章开头的朋友们没必要花太多工夫。
4. 关于issue的模板：诚然，issue是很不好写模板的。但我认为要写出argument那样的模板不可能，但可以写出引导行文方向的模板，that is，不用具体到完整句，但要给出，每个行文部分的引领词，每个部分的思路与结构。这一点语言不太好表达。如果大家不嫌弃，可以参考以下的模板：
We take for granted that A. Nevertheless, does the fact inevitable indicates that B? The speaker here apparently tempts to confirm that the former takes automatic precedence over the latter. While I agree with the spear insofar as A, I find no empirical evidence to wholly accept the author’s position, which appears to be unconvincing in light of more persuasive assertion, those TS.
The primary reason for my view rests on the undeniable fact that history is replete with evidence of R1. Notables ranging from X to Y come immediately to mind. On the one hand, consider the success of X. On the other hand, let us take Y into account. By the same token, Y does the same. Indeed, both cases illustrate the point that R1, as many other similar cases do.
Another reason for my view is that R2. Empirical evidence supporting this reason is overwhelming. One needs look no further than Z to appreciate that this is indeed the case. As can be obviously seen, Z is that. Admittedly, stories such as this are not rare so that this case is, as has been noted, one of many examples that underscore the point that.
To oppose my view, you might point out that Q1. To be honest, I confess that Q1. However, you may further argue that Q2. Here we part company. In any event, do Q2? Emphatically, ‘No’.
In the final analysis, TS. Therefore, although.
由上例可见，这份220字的模板我没有具体到每一句话，但我却很好的把握了自己下一步的行文方向。由于ETS不要求立场的正确性。所以干脆所有题就报一种立场。而上例模板给出的立场是典型的大负小正二分法立场，在我写过的50多篇issue里，没有遇到过不能行文的。
一家之言，仅供参考。
GWD分歧题汇总（SC)
GWD的sc部分讨论帖。首帖给出一部分备受争议的GWD SC题目以及争议答案。大家积极进行讨论，一起不断趋进正确的答案。也欢迎对其他GWD SC题目的跟帖与讨论。关于答案的解释会根据大家的讨论不断更新。
GWD的分歧点
GWD-1-Q2:
By merging its two publishing divisions, the company will increase their share of the country’s $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging from obscure textbooks to mass-market paperbacks.
their share of the country’s $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging
from 6 percent to 10 percent its share of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges
to 10 percent from 6 percent in their share of the $21 billion book market in the country, a market ranging
in its share, from 6 percent to 10 percent, of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges
to 10 percent from 6 percent its share of the country’s $21 billion book market, which ranges
answer: B/E(参考答案E)
reason:
1.E的increase to表示是增长到10%，后接from表示从6%开始增长。B的increase from 6 to 10有先增长6个百分点，再增长10个百分点的歧义
2.E的...’s market表示是这个国家的图书市场，B的market in...表示位于这个国家的某个具体市场，歧义
3.E的which指代市场market，B的which指代国家country
4.遗留问题：from to反过来用错不错？或者是相对错？
GWD-1-Q8:
The 32 species that make up the dolphin family are closely related to whales and in fact include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is famous for its aggressive hunting pods.
include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is
include the animal known as the killer whale, growing as big as 30 feet long and
include the animal known as the killer whale, growing up to 30 feet long and being
include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow as big as 30 feet long and is
include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and it is
answer: A.(这道题铁定有问题，划线部分前半段五个答案全部相同，非ETS作风。认为有的可能是includes，有的是include)
GWD-3-Q19:
Possible long-term consequences of the “greenhouse effect,” the gradual warming of the Earth’s climate, may include melting the polar ice caps and a rising sea level.
may include melting the polar ice caps and a rising sea level
may include the melting of polar ice caps and the rising sea level
may include polar ice caps that are melting and sea levels that are rising
include melting the polar ice caps and sea levels that are rising
include melting of the polar ice caps and a rise in sea level
answer: B/E
GWD-4-Q2:
In Greek theology the supreme being was Esaugetu Emissee (Master of Breath), who dwelt in an upper realm in which the sky was the floor, and who had the power to give and to take away the breath of life.
in which the sky was the floor, and who had the power to give and to take
where the sky was the floor, having the power to give and to take
whose floor was the sky, and who has the power of giving and of taking
in which the sky was the floor, with the power of giving and taking
whose floor was the sky, having the power to give and take
answer: A/B
GWD-4-Q4:
GWD-13-Q8:
A new hair-growing drug is being sold for three times the price, per milligram, as the drug’s maker charges for another product with the same active ingredient.
as
than
that
of what
at which
answer: C/D
GWD-9-Q15:
Dressed as a man and using the name Robert Shurtleff, Deborah Sampson, the first woman to draw a soldier’s pension, joined the Continental Army in 1782 at the age of 22, was injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she had become too ill to serve.
A. 22, was injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she had become
B. 22, was injured three times, while being discharged in 1783 because she had become
C. 22, and was injured three times, and discharged in 1783, being
D. 22, injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she was
22, having been injured three times and discharged in 1783, being
answer: A/D
GWD-9-Q39:
Over 75 percent of the energy produced in France derives from nuclear power, while in Germany it is just over 33 percent.
A. while in Germany it is just over 33 percent
B. compared to Germany, which uses just over 33 percent
C. whereas nuclear power accounts for just over 33 percent of the energy produced in Germany
D. whereas just over 33 percent of the energy comes from nuclear power in Germany
E. compared with the energy from nuclear power in Germany, where it is just over 33 percent
Answer: C/D
GWD-10-Q1:
According to a survey of graduating medical students conducted by the Association of American Medical Colleges, minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in planning to practice in socioeconomically deprived areas.
A. minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in planning to practice
B. minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than other graduates who plan on practicing
C. minority graduates are nearly four times as likely as other graduates to plan on practicing
D. it is nearly four times more likely that minority graduates rather than other graduates will plan to practice
E. it is nearly four times as likely for minority graduates than other graduates to plan to practice
Answer: A/C
GWD-11-Q14:
The single-family house constructed by the Yana, a Native American people who lived in what is now northern California, was conical in shape, its framework of poles overlaid with slabs of bark, either cedar or pine, and banked with dirt to a height of three to four feet.
A. banked with dirt to a height of
B. banked with dirt as high as that of
C. banked them with dirt to a height of
was banked with dirt as high as
was banked with dirt as high as that of
answer: A/D
GWD-11-Q30:
Socially and environmentally responsible investing is on the rise: last year in the United States, over $2 trillion was invested in funds that screen companies according to a variety of criteria such as adherence to labor standards, protection of the environment, and observance of human rights.
according to a variety of criteria such as
according to a variety of such criteria, as by
according to such a variety of criteria as by
in accordance with such a variety of criteria as
in accordance with a variety of criteria, such as by
answer: A/D
GWD-12-Q20:
Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established the Library of Congress.
Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established
The act of Congress, which was approved April 24, 1800, making provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established
The act of Congress approved April 24, 1800, which made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., and established
Approved April 24, 1800, making provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., the act of Congress also established
Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also establishing
Answer: A/E
GWD-12-Q31:
Emily Dickinson’s letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering her letters to anyone else.
Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering
Dickinson were written over a period that begins a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ended shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber
Dickinson, written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and that ends shortly before Emily’s death in 1886and outnumbering
Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother, ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, and outnumbering
Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber
Answer: A/E
GWD-7-Q4:
Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—less than those killed by bee stings.
movies—less than those
movies—fewer than have been
movies, which is less than those
movies, a number lower than the people
movies, fewer than the ones
answer: B/E
GWD的分歧点
GWD-1-Q2:
By merging its two publishing divisions, the company will increase their share of the country’s $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging from obscure textbooks to mass-market paperbacks.
their share of the country’s $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging
from 6 percent to 10 percent its share of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges
to 10 percent from 6 percent in their share of the $21 billion book market in the country, a market ranging
in its share, from 6 percent to 10 percent, of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges
to 10 percent from 6 percent its share of the country’s $21 billion book market, which ranges
answer: B/E(参考答案E)
reason:
1.E的increase to表示是增长到10%，后接from表示从6%开始增长。B的increase from 6 to 10有先增长6个百分点，再增长10个百分点的歧义
2.E的...’s market表示是这个国家的图书市场，B的market in...表示位于这个国家的某个具体市场，歧义
3.E的which指代市场market，B的which指代国家country
4.遗留问题：from to反过来用错不错？或者是相对错？
GWD-1-Q8:
The 32 species that make up the dolphin family are closely related to whales and in fact include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is famous for its aggressive hunting pods.
include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is
include the animal known as the killer whale, growing as big as 30 feet long and
include the animal known as the killer whale, growing up to 30 feet long and being
include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow as big as 30 feet long and is
include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and it is
answer: A.(这道题铁定有问题，划线部分前半段五个答案全部相同，非ETS作风。认为有的可能是includes，有的是include)
GWD-3-Q19:
Possible long-term consequences of the “greenhouse effect,” the gradual warming of the Earth’s climate, may include melting the polar ice caps and a rising sea level.
may include melting the polar ice caps and a rising sea level
may include the melting of polar ice caps and the rising sea level
may include polar ice caps that are melting and sea levels that are rising
include melting the polar ice caps and sea levels that are rising
include melting of the polar ice caps and a rise in sea level
answer: B/E
GWD-4-Q2:
In Greek theology the supreme being was Esaugetu Emissee (Master of Breath), who dwelt in an upper realm in which the sky was the floor, and who had the power to give and to take away the breath of life.
in which the sky was the floor, and who had the power to give and to take
where the sky was the floor, having the power to give and to take
whose floor was the sky, and who has the power of giving and of taking
in which the sky was the floor, with the power of giving and taking
whose floor was the sky, having the power to give and take
answer: A/B
GWD-4-Q4:
GWD-13-Q8:
A new hair-growing drug is being sold for three times the price, per milligram, as the drug’s maker charges for another product with the same active ingredient.
as
than
that
of what
at which
answer: C/D
GWD-9-Q15:
Dressed as a man and using the name Robert Shurtleff, Deborah Sampson, the first woman to draw a soldier’s pension, joined the Continental Army in 1782 at the age of 22, was injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she had become too ill to serve.
A. 22, was injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she had become
B. 22, was injured three times, while being discharged in 1783 because she had become
C. 22, and was injured three times, and discharged in 1783, being
D. 22, injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she was
22, having been injured three times and discharged in 1783, being
answer: A/D
GWD-9-Q39:
Over 75 percent of the energy produced in France derives from nuclear power, while in Germany it is just over 33 percent.
A. while in Germany it is just over 33 percent
B. compared to Germany, which uses just over 33 percent
C. whereas nuclear power accounts for just over 33 percent of the energy produced in Germany
D. whereas just over 33 percent of the energy comes from nuclear power in Germany
E. compared with the energy from nuclear power in Germany, where it is just over 33 percent
Answer: C/D
GWD-10-Q1:
According to a survey of graduating medical students conducted by the Association of American Medical Colleges, minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in planning to practice in socioeconomically deprived areas.
A. minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in planning to practice
B. minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than other graduates who plan on practicing
C. minority graduates are nearly four times as likely as other graduates to plan on practicing
D. it is nearly four times more likely that minority graduates rather than other graduates will plan to practice
E. it is nearly four times as likely for minority graduates than other graduates to plan to practice
Answer: A/C
GWD-11-Q14:
The single-family house constructed by the Yana, a Native American people who lived in what is now northern California, was conical in shape, its framework of poles overlaid with slabs of bark, either cedar or pine, and banked with dirt to a height of three to four feet.
A. banked with dirt to a height of
B. banked with dirt as high as that of
C. banked them with dirt to a height of
was banked with dirt as high as
was banked with dirt as high as that of
answer: A/D
GWD-11-Q30:
Socially and environmentally responsible investing is on the rise: last year in the United States, over $2 trillion was invested in funds that screen companies according to a variety of criteria such as adherence to labor standards, protection of the environment, and observance of human rights.
according to a variety of criteria such as
according to a variety of such criteria, as by
according to such a variety of criteria as by
in accordance with such a variety of criteria as
in accordance with a variety of criteria, such as by
answer: A/D
GWD-12-Q20:
Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established the Library of Congress.
Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established
The act of Congress, which was approved April 24, 1800, making provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established
The act of Congress approved April 24, 1800, which made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., and established
Approved April 24, 1800, making provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., the act of Congress also established
Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also establishing
Answer: A/E
GWD-12-Q31:
Emily Dickinson’s letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering her letters to anyone else.
Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering
Dickinson were written over a period that begins a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ended shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber
Dickinson, written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and that ends shortly before Emily’s death in 1886and outnumbering
Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother, ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, and outnumbering
Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber
Answer: A/E
GWD-7-Q4:
Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—less than those killed by bee stings.
movies—less than those
movies—fewer than have been
movies, which is less than those
movies, a number lower than the people
movies, fewer than the ones
answer: B/E
GWD的一些思考与建议
GWD也许是所有GMAT准备资料里最神秘的一部分。无论从与实战的相似性，还是从实战中题目的重现率来讲，都非常的神奇。姑且不论题目是谁通过何种渠道得来的，鉴于很多的朋友都很困惑于如何利用这份宝贵资料。在此，我发表一点个人意见，谨供大家参考。
1.使用GWD的时间：鉴于GWD的仿真程度与重现程度，建议考前一个月开始严格时间模考GWD，必须加上作文。GWD+天山之后机考模考princeton, kaplan,最后考前2天pp3。
2.使用GWD的焦点：
a.头重脚轻，先难后易：GWD的题并非自适应的，那既是无论你这道题做对做错也不会影响到下道题的难度。但我认为GWD的出题顺序有一定规律，那既是前两篇阅读都出得很早。并且SC在前25道的难度比后面大，且划线较长（纯属个人意见）。CR部分我一向不怎么在意所以没有关注，总体感觉前后差不多难度。因此，除去非典型性G友，阅读与SC的长难句应该是最容易丢分的地方。那么做GWD前面错体多就没什么奇怪的了。如何克服这个问题呢？（1）大全987与og中全划线与大部分划线的SC题是否可以提炼出来横向比较一下？观察一下这种变态提醒的共同之处。比如：1.谓语很难找，喜欢考察主谓一致。2.定语从句的平行，即that...,that...and that的结构。3.分词结构的平行+插入语，逻辑主语与平行是考点。4.动词结构的平行+插入语，逻辑主语与平行是考点。……（2）阅读就比较麻烦了，关于这方面的帖子困境区很容易找，我就不赘述了。（三两句也说不出来什么）
b.做题时间把握：强烈提出这点。GWD和实战没有什么区别。我认为就是实战的题。所以时间的把握在这个部分的模考中可以得到很好的锻炼。试问：有无必要一道SC题想5分钟？大家都明白，真正分析清楚自己能分析的清楚的考点就最多45秒的事情。两个选项从语法点上选不出来，就看逻辑意思。难道说你多看几分钟答案就出来了？50道1个小时的987大全，看过无数遍og解释，你要相信自己有语感，有经验。看不出来了最多1分30秒就选一个最顺“你”眼的然后confirm。这里的顺眼不是瞎蒙。要是你做过2000多道SC之后还在瞎蒙的话我就想问问你做那些题的时候都干嘛去了。我曾经在一次回帖中说起“笨拙”的选项。这里的“笨拙”希望朋友们能好好体会。这不是瞎蒙，而你自己需要这样的自信。试想就算你最后错了，不也赢回了那逝去的时间，也就给后面的题一个好的心情与气势。结末的话：1分30秒还没有看出来的题，选一个自己喜欢的，下一道。GWD里面最多这些模棱两可的选项了。我在语法区的GWD SC汇总立至今仍有10多道题没有结论。考试时也会出现这样的情况。通过对GWD，可以很好的体会这种心情。关键是不要去想结果，想分数，要能放得下。
c.错题个数：verbal 10个以内应该是做了5套模考的状态。然后保持住就可以了。有的朋友说最开始做错了很多。很正常嘛：第一，复习初期我们每个部分都是分开做的，现在大杂烩，肯定会不习惯的。第二，第一次时间卡到那么紧，。第三，GWD的出题思路与og和大部分的大全是有些差异的（特别是SC），但却是最接近实战的。我们做逻辑，写argument，都知道七宗罪有一宗叫忽略他因。所以别动不动就把正确率和实力联系起来，然后把自己一竿子打死。做人乐观些勇敢些，问题来了，分析原因然后想办法解决。有的原因只有自己清楚，比如verbal哪个部分最菜。那就想办法加强。如果是pace不好那明天注意，是出题点与自己的宪法有出入，那就改宪。其实很多时候自己的宪法是不完备的。或者说是没有阶级的（我是指SC。）比如说平行与there be那个更牛。答案是前者。我们却发GWD中就是有选there be 结构于是就开始欺负GWD的上一辈。我觉得这样做不对。考点是分级的，有的是绝对错，有的是相对错。而逻辑意思的正确性，阅读理解的简洁性，这才是法中之法。做完GWD，一定得有这些觉悟。不然……（也没什么，还是要坚强自信的上考场，之前说一句：tony 那家伙傻B，说邪恶的话。我自己才是正义的。——括号内内容献给最近赶考的朋友们）
3.GWD模考完之后：在开始上机模考的时候，不要认为GWD就这么过去了。GWD不是有分类总结吗？（搞忘是哪位史前巨牛的心血了），在每天上机模考结束之后再做一边GWD。这一点有两个理由支持：a.GWD出现在每个月的jj里面。也就是说，运气好的话你就能在实战中遇到。如果实战时你忘了一定会明白什么叫“生不如死”。这一点是有前辈的血泪教训的，在2005年5月的jj中可以找到一位jj“痛不欲生”的心灵独白。b.我是很喜欢重做题目的人。因为我觉得一道题目的含金量不是做正确一遍就能开发完全的。GWD是最像实战的资料，为什么不深度研究一下？如何研究。笼统地讲就是对出题思路的研究。细节一点地说：a.SC注意错误选项中考察的语法点，以及两个在你看来同样正确的选项为什么会有等级差异。“优先级”的概念我想是非常重要的。b,RC注意文章套路，5种主观题2种客观题的错误选项的类型（第二次说了，罗嗦了，大家见谅），特别注意主题题（GWD里没有TS但有主题题的阅读很多。这就需要对文章目的即作者态度的很好把握）。c.CR还是去逻辑区请教其他前辈吧，我这方面真的不知道说什么。数学也是。我是工科学生，这两个部分真的没怎么好好总结，惭愧。
差不多就这些吧。大家有问题就在这个帖子下面直接跟帖。困境区所有的斑斑都会鞠躬尽瘁的。
1.使用GWD的时间：鉴于GWD的仿真程度与重现程度，建议考前一个月开始严格时间模考GWD，必须加上作文。GWD+天山之后机考模考princeton, kaplan,最后考前2天pp3。
2.使用GWD的焦点：
a.头重脚轻，先难后易：GWD的题并非自适应的，那既是无论你这道题做对做错也不会影响到下道题的难度。但我认为GWD的出题顺序有一定规律，那既是前两篇阅读都出得很早。并且SC在前25道的难度比后面大，且划线较长（纯属个人意见）。CR部分我一向不怎么在意所以没有关注，总体感觉前后差不多难度。因此，除去非典型性G友，阅读与SC的长难句应该是最容易丢分的地方。那么做GWD前面错体多就没什么奇怪的了。如何克服这个问题呢？（1）大全987与og中全划线与大部分划线的SC题是否可以提炼出来横向比较一下？观察一下这种变态提醒的共同之处。比如：1.谓语很难找，喜欢考察主谓一致。2.定语从句的平行，即that...,that...and that的结构。3.分词结构的平行+插入语，逻辑主语与平行是考点。4.动词结构的平行+插入语，逻辑主语与平行是考点。……（2）阅读就比较麻烦了，关于这方面的帖子困境区很容易找，我就不赘述了。（三两句也说不出来什么）
b.做题时间把握：强烈提出这点。GWD和实战没有什么区别。我认为就是实战的题。所以时间的把握在这个部分的模考中可以得到很好的锻炼。试问：有无必要一道SC题想5分钟？大家都明白，真正分析清楚自己能分析的清楚的考点就最多45秒的事情。两个选项从语法点上选不出来，就看逻辑意思。难道说你多看几分钟答案就出来了？50道1个小时的987大全，看过无数遍og解释，你要相信自己有语感，有经验。看不出来了最多1分30秒就选一个最顺“你”眼的然后confirm。这里的顺眼不是瞎蒙。要是你做过2000多道SC之后还在瞎蒙的话我就想问问你做那些题的时候都干嘛去了。我曾经在一次回帖中说起“笨拙”的选项。这里的“笨拙”希望朋友们能好好体会。这不是瞎蒙，而你自己需要这样的自信。试想就算你最后错了，不也赢回了那逝去的时间，也就给后面的题一个好的心情与气势。结末的话：1分30秒还没有看出来的题，选一个自己喜欢的，下一道。GWD里面最多这些模棱两可的选项了。我在语法区的GWD SC汇总立至今仍有10多道题没有结论。考试时也会出现这样的情况。通过对GWD，可以很好的体会这种心情。关键是不要去想结果，想分数，要能放得下。
c.错题个数：verbal 10个以内应该是做了5套模考的状态。然后保持住就可以了。有的朋友说最开始做错了很多。很正常嘛：第一，复习初期我们每个部分都是分开做的，现在大杂烩，肯定会不习惯的。第二，第一次时间卡到那么紧，。第三，GWD的出题思路与og和大部分的大全是有些差异的（特别是SC），但却是最接近实战的。我们做逻辑，写argument，都知道七宗罪有一宗叫忽略他因。所以别动不动就把正确率和实力联系起来，然后把自己一竿子打死。做人乐观些勇敢些，问题来了，分析原因然后想办法解决。有的原因只有自己清楚，比如verbal哪个部分最菜。那就想办法加强。如果是pace不好那明天注意，是出题点与自己的宪法有出入，那就改宪。其实很多时候自己的宪法是不完备的。或者说是没有阶级的（我是指SC。）比如说平行与there be那个更牛。答案是前者。我们却发GWD中就是有选there be 结构于是就开始欺负GWD的上一辈。我觉得这样做不对。考点是分级的，有的是绝对错，有的是相对错。而逻辑意思的正确性，阅读理解的简洁性，这才是法中之法。做完GWD，一定得有这些觉悟。不然……（也没什么，还是要坚强自信的上考场，之前说一句：tony 那家伙傻B，说邪恶的话。我自己才是正义的。——括号内内容献给最近赶考的朋友们）
3.GWD模考完之后：在开始上机模考的时候，不要认为GWD就这么过去了。GWD不是有分类总结吗？（搞忘是哪位史前巨牛的心血了），在每天上机模考结束之后再做一边GWD。这一点有两个理由支持：a.GWD出现在每个月的jj里面。也就是说，运气好的话你就能在实战中遇到。如果实战时你忘了一定会明白什么叫“生不如死”。这一点是有前辈的血泪教训的，在2005年5月的jj中可以找到一位jj“痛不欲生”的心灵独白。b.我是很喜欢重做题目的人。因为我觉得一道题目的含金量不是做正确一遍就能开发完全的。GWD是最像实战的资料，为什么不深度研究一下？如何研究。笼统地讲就是对出题思路的研究。细节一点地说：a.SC注意错误选项中考察的语法点，以及两个在你看来同样正确的选项为什么会有等级差异。“优先级”的概念我想是非常重要的。b,RC注意文章套路，5种主观题2种客观题的错误选项的类型（第二次说了，罗嗦了，大家见谅），特别注意主题题（GWD里没有TS但有主题题的阅读很多。这就需要对文章目的即作者态度的很好把握）。c.CR还是去逻辑区请教其他前辈吧，我这方面真的不知道说什么。数学也是。我是工科学生，这两个部分真的没怎么好好总结，惭愧。
差不多就这些吧。大家有问题就在这个帖子下面直接跟帖。困境区所有的斑斑都会鞠躬尽瘁的。
建议给才开始准备的朋友
看到有很多才开始的朋友有些不知所措的样子。诚然，面对GMAT这么一个庞杂的体系，才开始的我和各位一样懵懂。为了大家能够更顺利的踏上征途，特别从以前我的很多回帖和邮件中总结了这篇文章，希望能对大家有所裨益。
首先，有一句话，整个准备过程中都很重要：问题来了，需要绝对的冷静。无论怎样的没有头绪，人生是怎样的低谷，命运是如何的不公，心若冰清，天塌不惊。我们先选个好日子开始我们的复习过程。如果就是明天，那今天晚上呢，先去找几个朋友看看电影，找间PUB喝点小酒，或者KK歌。去的路上买一本非常精美的笔记本。回家后笔记本首页写下一句自己对自己最想说的话（把我的笔记本上的话分享一下：路是自己选的，走下去……好男儿，纵横九万里。）。然后什么都别想，睡个好觉。
其次，其实有很多朋友问过我开始的准备该怎么办，我也回复了很多次。虽然每个人有自己的故事，自己的与众不同的生活压力或是难言之隐，但我觉得最后的建议其实都差不多。因为熟悉GMAT，培养基本GMAT语感，把握考试出题方向等方面，没有那么多的个性。所以以下的计划，是有一定普遍性的。
1.先在CD语法区上找一篇前人的语法总结认真阅读一遍，主要是为了熟悉GMAT的SC基本出题点。（GEMJ大虾有一篇关于语法学习的帖子，很经典，建议大家看看。另外，我也有一篇鸟帖，结构还不错，大家No.1的时候看看就是了。）然后翻开OG，作30道SC，估计会错得很惨。所以好好看看解释（这是OG最近点的部分，很希望大家能认认真真的揣摩，并从中总结出好的考点。其实，GMAT的语法和造句结构在以后的AWA，PS,recomendation等写作中都是非常有用处的：试问，简洁，排比，清晰，无歧义，这不是好文章的标识吗〉）。第一天嘛，估计会有很多语法点可以总结，就记录在那个昨天买的那个笔记本上（每天坚持记录，包括Verbal三个部分的收获。走完GMAT的道路，翻开这本厚重得发黄的笔记本，那样的成就感很甜美）。
2.有一个资料叫狒狒逻辑总结，先好好阅读一遍。（之后的每天都要看，直道你确信能够复述了。）上面有题型，例子，分类很细，讲得也很明白。一定要好好体会逻辑题究竟考什么，如何总结出可操作的做题方法（如假设题，先找有not的选项。像这样的方法，非常的有效）。然后做20道OG逻辑练习。估计也会很惨，不过挺住了，耐心的去看看为什么。最开始可以看看解释（有的写得很垃圾），不建议泰执著解释，做到100道题左右，总结一下：我究竟有何种做逻辑题的方法了，每种题型，我有可操作的办法吗？可操作，这三个字可以演绎出很多好的内容，因人而异，但受益不浅。
3.有一个资料叫小安阅读法，是强人的强贴，在阅读区可以找到。好好读一遍，然后做一篇OG的阅读，不限时间，仔细读，严格按照小安的精神分析文章和题目。第二天起每天做四篇。也同样总结。如果在以后的日子里觉得正确率低了，一定回头再看看og上的阅读，看看自己的阅读思维模式是不是与GMAT的思路越走越远了。合理分析自己的进度与状态，不容易，但很必要。
4.AWA区有七宗罪的资料，还有一个鸟人的帖子叫《我的argument$issue模板》，每天看一宗罪，总结相应的一个模板。一定要背熟了，打熟了。建议从最开始就在电脑上准备模板打文章。不要小看作文，一定不要！在AWA区有一片鸟人鸟帖《关于AWA的准备工作》，也许不够严谨，但希望大家看看，如果能有所得，是我的荣幸。
这些工作每天会花掉5-8个小时，如果你有毅力坚持就坚持。不行呢就自己调整一下。但记得要严肃认真地对待每一项工作。要嘛就不做，要做就做踏实了。当然，在职的哥哥姐姐们会比较郁闷一点。我的一点建议是：每天不能全抓就抓一门。比如周1，3语法+阅读，2，4逻辑+作文等。安排时间是一种艺术，也是提高生产力的最有效办法。
对于单词量可能稍微差一些的朋友，个人推荐一本叫《大学英语六级速听速记》的词汇书。相当不错。我背了7遍之后考GT就再也没背过单词了。总之，不要去买GMAT,GRE的词汇书来背，完全没有必要。如果单词量有7000以上，Verbal中不认识的单词要么没必要认识，要么可以从上下文理解。不要在单词上花太多时间。
其实GMAT花功夫就一定能考好，只是功夫怎么花，时间怎么安排，如何坚持下去，克服自己的懦弱，懒惰与各种各样的杂念，控制自己的情绪……分数只是一部分，考完GMAT的收获远不只如此，远远不止……GMAT的旅途最苦难的时候我以为有三：1.起步。2.适应强度。3.瓶颈。勇敢的跨出第一步，在你的一生中，也许这就是改变命运的一大步。
最后，祝各位好运了。
首先，有一句话，整个准备过程中都很重要：问题来了，需要绝对的冷静。无论怎样的没有头绪，人生是怎样的低谷，命运是如何的不公，心若冰清，天塌不惊。我们先选个好日子开始我们的复习过程。如果就是明天，那今天晚上呢，先去找几个朋友看看电影，找间PUB喝点小酒，或者KK歌。去的路上买一本非常精美的笔记本。回家后笔记本首页写下一句自己对自己最想说的话（把我的笔记本上的话分享一下：路是自己选的，走下去……好男儿，纵横九万里。）。然后什么都别想，睡个好觉。
其次，其实有很多朋友问过我开始的准备该怎么办，我也回复了很多次。虽然每个人有自己的故事，自己的与众不同的生活压力或是难言之隐，但我觉得最后的建议其实都差不多。因为熟悉GMAT，培养基本GMAT语感，把握考试出题方向等方面，没有那么多的个性。所以以下的计划，是有一定普遍性的。
1.先在CD语法区上找一篇前人的语法总结认真阅读一遍，主要是为了熟悉GMAT的SC基本出题点。（GEMJ大虾有一篇关于语法学习的帖子，很经典，建议大家看看。另外，我也有一篇鸟帖，结构还不错，大家No.1的时候看看就是了。）然后翻开OG，作30道SC，估计会错得很惨。所以好好看看解释（这是OG最近点的部分，很希望大家能认认真真的揣摩，并从中总结出好的考点。其实，GMAT的语法和造句结构在以后的AWA，PS,recomendation等写作中都是非常有用处的：试问，简洁，排比，清晰，无歧义，这不是好文章的标识吗〉）。第一天嘛，估计会有很多语法点可以总结，就记录在那个昨天买的那个笔记本上（每天坚持记录，包括Verbal三个部分的收获。走完GMAT的道路，翻开这本厚重得发黄的笔记本，那样的成就感很甜美）。
2.有一个资料叫狒狒逻辑总结，先好好阅读一遍。（之后的每天都要看，直道你确信能够复述了。）上面有题型，例子，分类很细，讲得也很明白。一定要好好体会逻辑题究竟考什么，如何总结出可操作的做题方法（如假设题，先找有not的选项。像这样的方法，非常的有效）。然后做20道OG逻辑练习。估计也会很惨，不过挺住了，耐心的去看看为什么。最开始可以看看解释（有的写得很垃圾），不建议泰执著解释，做到100道题左右，总结一下：我究竟有何种做逻辑题的方法了，每种题型，我有可操作的办法吗？可操作，这三个字可以演绎出很多好的内容，因人而异，但受益不浅。
3.有一个资料叫小安阅读法，是强人的强贴，在阅读区可以找到。好好读一遍，然后做一篇OG的阅读，不限时间，仔细读，严格按照小安的精神分析文章和题目。第二天起每天做四篇。也同样总结。如果在以后的日子里觉得正确率低了，一定回头再看看og上的阅读，看看自己的阅读思维模式是不是与GMAT的思路越走越远了。合理分析自己的进度与状态，不容易，但很必要。
4.AWA区有七宗罪的资料，还有一个鸟人的帖子叫《我的argument$issue模板》，每天看一宗罪，总结相应的一个模板。一定要背熟了，打熟了。建议从最开始就在电脑上准备模板打文章。不要小看作文，一定不要！在AWA区有一片鸟人鸟帖《关于AWA的准备工作》，也许不够严谨，但希望大家看看，如果能有所得，是我的荣幸。
这些工作每天会花掉5-8个小时，如果你有毅力坚持就坚持。不行呢就自己调整一下。但记得要严肃认真地对待每一项工作。要嘛就不做，要做就做踏实了。当然，在职的哥哥姐姐们会比较郁闷一点。我的一点建议是：每天不能全抓就抓一门。比如周1，3语法+阅读，2，4逻辑+作文等。安排时间是一种艺术，也是提高生产力的最有效办法。
对于单词量可能稍微差一些的朋友，个人推荐一本叫《大学英语六级速听速记》的词汇书。相当不错。我背了7遍之后考GT就再也没背过单词了。总之，不要去买GMAT,GRE的词汇书来背，完全没有必要。如果单词量有7000以上，Verbal中不认识的单词要么没必要认识，要么可以从上下文理解。不要在单词上花太多时间。
其实GMAT花功夫就一定能考好，只是功夫怎么花，时间怎么安排，如何坚持下去，克服自己的懦弱，懒惰与各种各样的杂念，控制自己的情绪……分数只是一部分，考完GMAT的收获远不只如此，远远不止……GMAT的旅途最苦难的时候我以为有三：1.起步。2.适应强度。3.瓶颈。勇敢的跨出第一步，在你的一生中，也许这就是改变命运的一大步。
最后，祝各位好运了。
2008年8月16日星期六
Words for my US friends
All my preparation advice and plans are in Chinese. If you are not Chinese-speaker, please find a Chinese friend first and he or she would help you out. I have to say, GMACC tests my countrymen in English, so I have to test you guys in Chinese. Sorry.
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